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Appendix 4.1
Analysis of Same, Similar and New responses to Same, Similar,
New items
Section 4.1.1 Analysis for Experiment 6
The influence of emotion and scene component on the responses given
to same, similar and new items was analysed by conducting separate ANOVAs
on each of the different types of items for each experiment. The results from
the three 3 (emotion) x 2 (scene component) x 3 (response type) repeated
measures ANOVAs are reported below in Tables 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. Significant
results are indicated in bold type. The same analysis is reported for
Experiments 7, 8, 9 & 10 in Appendices 4.1 and 5.1.
In summary, the emotional influence on memory for specific details is
shown by the greater number of ‘same’ responses to same items for emotional
than neutral objects. The central-peripheral trade-off in memory is shown by
the reduced number of ‘same’ responses to same items for backgrounds which
were initially presented with negative than positive objects. There is some
indication of an emotional influence on responses to similar items but
responses to these items are difficult to interpret because correct responses may
indicate either visual specificity of memory when participants recognise that
they saw an item of that type before know that it was not that exact stimulus, or
they may recognise that they saw an item of that type before but remember
whether or not it was that exact stimulus. The lack of emotional influence on
the responses to new items provides evidence that the results of emotional
enhancement of visual specificity of memory are due to accuracy of memory,
rather than a bias to give a recognition response to emotional stimuli.
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