PDF (PhD Thesis Susan Chipchase) - Nottingham eTheses ...

detailed instructions were given; participants were simply asked which picture
they recognised from each pair.
Section 1.3. Results
Firstly, we examined the probabilities of selecting the old item in the
preference test given that the item had been exposed one, three, or five times in
training (see Figure 2.1). Cohen’s d will be reported as the effect size for all t
tests. In none of the conditions were the ‘old’ items selected significantly more
often than chance would predict [One: t(11) = 1.71, p = 0.12, d = 0.49; Three:
t(11) = 0.81, p = 0.44, d = 0.23; Five: t(11) = 0.61, p = 0.55, d = 0.18]. We
performed the same steps in analysing the recognition test. Items presented
three times were selected about 7% more often than chance would predict
(t(11) = 2.21, p < 0.05, d = 0.64). The selection of items presented five times
was approaching statistical significance [t(11) = 2.01, p = 0.07, d = 0.58]. Items
presented once were not selected more often than chance would predict [t(11) <
0.001, p = 1.00, d = 0].
Secondly, we conducted an ANOVA to compare the probabilities of
selecting the old item when it had a positive, negative or neutral valence and
when it was shown one, three or five times. For all ANOVA analyses
Mauchly’s test of sphericity was conducted and in those cases where the
assumptions were not met the Greenhouse-Geisser adjusted p values are
reported. These will be indicated with degrees of freedom which contain
decimal points. Cohen’s f will be reported as the effect size for all factors and
interactions for the ANOVA’s. Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference
pairwise comparisons were conducted for all significant main effects revealed
53