csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 3 - Water Ingestion Table 3-31. Percentage of Subjects Consuming Beverages and Mean Daily Beverage Intakes (mL/day) for Children With Returned Questionnaires 6-24 Monthsa - 585 c 24 Months 24.41 ± 0.53 605 20 Months 20.46 ± 0.57 632 16 Months 16.31 ± 0.49 641 12 Months 12.36 ± 0.46 659 9 Months 9.28 ± 0.35 681 6 Months 6.29 ± 0.35 677 Age at Questionnaire Actual Age (Months) N b Human Milk d 30 19 11 5 3 0 - 67 g 207 ± 112 0 - 2 9 ± 83 4 12 ± 77 29 160 ± 275 69 615 ± 328 68 798 ± 234 Infant Formulae % d mL/dayf 67 g 355 ± 163 97 358 ± 225 93 402 ± 237 91 467 ± 251 79 470 ± 310 25 136 ± 278 5 30 ± 145 Cows’ Milke % d mL/dayf 67 g 562 ± 154 98 358 ± 228 94 411 ± 237 92 479 ± 248 88 630 ± 245 81 751 ± 213 70 828 ± 186 Formula and Cows’ Milke % d mL/dayf 99 h 183 ± 103 93 228 ± 172 95 269 ± 189 94 228 ± 166 89 169 ± 151 73 103 ± 112 55 65 ± 95 Juice and Juice Drinks % d mL/dayf 99 h 109 ± 74 94 145 ± 148 90 142 ± 127 87 124 ± 118 75 92 ± 109 59 53 ± 71 36 27 ± 47 Water % d mL/dayf 80 h 44 ± 59 86 89 ± 133 62 83 ±121 42 53 ± 109 23 27 ± 71 9 6 ± 27 1 3 ± 18 Other Beveragesi % d mL/dayf Total Beverages mL/day e,f,j 934 ± 219 917 ± 245 926 ± 293 887 ± 310 908 ± 310 819 ± 299 920 ± 207 a Cumulative number of children and percentage of children consuming beverage and beverage intakes for the 6 through 24 month period. b Number of children with returned questionnaires at each time period. c Number of children with cumulative intakes for six-through 24 month period. d Percentage of children consuming beverage. e Children are not included when consuming human milk. f Mean ± standard deviation of beverage intake. Converted from ounces/day; 1 fluid ounce = 29.57 mL. g Percentage of children consuming beverage during six-through 24 month period. Children who consumed human milk are not included. h Percentage of children consuming beverage during six-through 24 month period. i Other beverages include non juice beverages (e.g., carbonated beverages, Kool-Aid). Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Page September 2008 3-33 j Total beverages includes all beverages except human milk. Source: Marshall et al., 2003a.
Table 3-32. Mean (± Standard Deviation) Daily Beverage Intakes Reported on Beverage Frequency Questionnaire and 3-day Food and Beverage Dairies Age 5 years (N = 112) 3 years (N = 129) 12 months (N = 192) 6 months (N = 240) Beverage Questionnaire Diary Questionnaire Diary Questionnaire Diary Questionnaire Diary a % b a % b a % b a % b mL/day mL/day mL/day mL/day 56 ± 225 12.6 NA c NA - NA NA 9 ± 21 195 ± 358 28.0 204 ± 373 Human Milk 139 ± 251 37.0 NA NA - NA NA 180 ± 290 603 ± 364 85.8 609 ± 387 Infant formula 325 ± 177 98.2 319 ± 198 358 ± 216 100 316 ± 216 408 ± 331 90.4 429 ± 349 24 ±124 6.7 24 ± 124 Cow’s milk 180 ± 163 95.5 189 ± 169 198 ± 169 96.9 192 ± 169 106 ± 101 92.2 151 ± 136 33 ± 59 57.5 56 ± 124 Juice/juice drinks Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook 101 ± 121 82.1 74 ± 95 74 ± 101 74.2 62 ± 71 3 ± 15 20.9 9 ± 30 0 ± 0 1.3 6 ± 68 Liquid soft drinks 47 ± 95 52.7 74 ± 124 47 ± 101 51.2 62 ± 115 3 ± 18 10.5 12 ± 47 0 ± 0 0.4 0 ± 18 Powdered soft drinks 169 ± 183 99.1 240 ± 242 136 ± 177 95.3 177 ± 204 80 ± 109 84.9 127 ± 136 30 ± 53 61.7 44 ± 80 Water 819 ± 302 100 896 ± 399 816 ± 299 100 795 ± 355 804 ± 284 100 905 ± 387 896 ± 195 100 940 ± 319 Total Mean ± standard deviation of all subjects. Converted from ounces/day; 1 fluid ounce = 29.57 mL. Percent of subjects consuming beverage on either questionnaire or diary. NA = not applicable. = Number of observations. a Chapter 3 - Water Ingestion Page Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook 3-34 September 2008 b c N Marshall et al., 2003b. Source:
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National Center for Environmental A
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS Child-Speci
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CSEFH 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continu
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES Child-Specific
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Ch
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CSEFH ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ch
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CSEFH OPP = Office of Pesticide Pro
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CSEFH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Child-
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CSEFH were discussed in the guideli
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CSEFH Table ES-1. Summary of Recomm
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CSEFH Youngmoo Kim, U.S. EPA, Regio
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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
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Page 63 and 64: Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
Page 73 and 74: exposure assessor) to distinguish b
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Page 77 and 78: uncertainty is high, a sensitivity
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Page 81 and 82: Table 2-3. Approaches to Quantitati
Page 83 and 84: water ingestion is summarized. Rele
Page 87 and 88: 3.3 DRINKING WATER INGESTION STUDIE
Page 89 and 90: that the three-day diary has been s
Page 91 and 92: million. In addition, whites were u
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Page 95 and 96: Table 3-4. Per Capita a Estimates o
Page 97 and 98: Table 3-8. Per Capitaa Estimates of
Page 99 and 100: Table 3-11. Per Capita a Estimates
Page 101 and 102: Table 3-14. Consumers Onlya Estimat
Page 103 and 104: Table 3-18. Consumers Onlya Estimat
Page 105 and 106: Table 3-21. Consumers Only a Estima
Page 107 and 108: Water Ingested (mL/day) a from Wate
Page 109 and 110: Table 3-26. Plain Tap Water and Tot
Page 111 and 112: Total fluid Plain water Milk Carbon
Page 113: Tap Water Intake in Breastfed and F
Page 117 and 118: Study Group Table 3-34. Pool Water
Page 119 and 120: of specific mouthing events, expres
Page 121 and 122: Table 4-2. Confidence in Recommenda
Page 123 and 124: their children’s mouthing behavio
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Page 131 and 132: 2 to 3 days old, in a quiet, temper
Page 133 and 134: waking hours. Parents also recorded
Page 135 and 136: outdoor mouthing rates. The authors
Page 137 and 138: Activity Data of Two- to Four-Year-
Page 139 and 140: Table 4-6. Variability in Objects M
Page 141 and 142: Behavior Child-Specific Exposure Fa
Page 147 and 148: Table 4-17. Estimated Mean Daily Mo
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Age Group Birth to
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8.3 KEY BODY WEIGHT STUDY 8.3.1 U.S
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III (1966-70) for ages 12-17 years,
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8.4.9 Kahn and Stralka, 2008 - Esti
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Table 8-3. Mean and Percentile Body
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Page Child-Specific Exposure Factor
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Table 8-8. Statistics for Probabili
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Figure 8-2. Weight by Age Percentil
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Figure 8-4. Weight by Length Percen
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Figure 8-6. Body Mass Index-for-Age
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Source: Gestational Age (weeks) 25
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of the food consumed after the mois
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Minimal (or Defined) Bias Child-Spe
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9.3 INTAKE STUDIES The primary sour
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9.3.2 Relevant Fruit and Vegetable
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Weighted data were used in all of t
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Page Child-Specifi c Exposur e Fact
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Vegetables Any Vegetable Baby Food
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4 to 5 months 6 to 11 months 12 to
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All fruits Canned fruit Fresh fruit
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Table 9-23. Mean Moisture Content o
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eported on fish intake for children
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a Table 10-1. Recommended Values fo
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10.3 GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES 10.
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Minnesota, and North Dakota. While
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elow the value of 8 ounces most com
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into a single pooled data set is so
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as described in Section 10.6.1.2, a
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Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Co
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Table 10-12. Fish Consumption Among
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Table 10-18. Mean Fish Intake Among
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Table 10-23. Consumption Rates for
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Species a Anadromous fish Pelagic f
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Lingcod Mackerel, Atlantic Mackerel
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Child-Specific Exposur e Factor s H
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Total Grains 95000060 15000250 1500
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National Center for Environmental A
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csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

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