csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 4 - Non-dietary Ingestion Factors Table 4-16. Mouthing Times of Dutch Children Extrapolated to Total Time While Awake, Without Pacifier, in Minutes per Day Age Group N Mean SD Minimum Maximum 3 to 6 months 6 to 12 months 12 to 18 months 18 to 36 months Note: N SD 5 14 12 11 36.9 44 16.4 9.3 The object most mouthed in all age groups was the fingers, except for the 6 to 12 month group which mostly mouthed toys. = Number of children. = Standard deviation. Source: Groot et al., 1998. Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Page September 2008 4-29 19.1 44.7 18.2 9.8 14.5 2.4 0 0 67 171.5 53.2 30.9
Table 4-17. Estimated Mean Daily Mouthing Duration by Age Group for Pacifiers, Fingers, Toys, and Other Objects (hours:minutes:seconds) Age Group Item 1 to 3 3 to 6 6 to 9 9 to 12 12 to 15 15 to 18 18 to 21 21 to 24 2 3 4 5 Mouthed months months months months months months months months years years years years N = 9 14 15 17 16 14 16 12 39 31 29 24 Dummy (Pacifier) 0:47:13 0:27:45 0:14:36 0:41:39 1:00:15 0:25:22 1:09:02 0:25:12 0:32:55 0:48:42 0:16:40 0:00:20 Fingers 0:18:22 0:49:03 0:16:54 0:14:07 0:08:24 0:10:07 0:18:40 0:35:34 0:29:43 0:34:42 0:19:26 0:44:06 Toys 0:00:14 0:28:20 0:39:10 0:23:04 0:15:18 0:16:34 0:11:07 0:15:46 0:12:23 0:11:37 0:03:11 0:01:53 Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 4 - Non-dietary Ingestion Factors Page Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook 4-30 September 2008 Other Objects 0:05:14 0:12:29 0:24:30 0:16:25 0:12:02 0:23:01 0:19:49 0:12:53 0:21:46 0:15:16 0:10:44 0:10:00 Not Recorded 0:00:45 0:00:24 0:00:00 0:00:01 0:00:02 0:00:08 0:00:11 0:14:13 0:02:40 0:00:01 0:00:05 0:02:58 Total (all objects) 1:11:48 1:57:41 1:35:11 1:35:16 1:36:01 0:15:13 1:58:49 1:43:39 1:39:27 1:50:19 0:50:05 0:59:17 N = Number of children in sample. Source: Smith and Norris, 2003.
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National Center for Environmental A
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS Child-Speci
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CSEFH 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continu
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES Child-Specific
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Ch
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CSEFH ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ch
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CSEFH OPP = Office of Pesticide Pro
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CSEFH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Child-
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CSEFH were discussed in the guideli
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CSEFH Table ES-1. Summary of Recomm
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CSEFH Youngmoo Kim, U.S. EPA, Regio
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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
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exposure assessor) to distinguish b
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is perhaps the most common method o
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uncertainty is high, a sensitivity
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Peretz, C.; Goldberg, P.; Kahan, E.
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Table 2-3. Approaches to Quantitati
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water ingestion is summarized. Rele
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3.3 DRINKING WATER INGESTION STUDIE
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that the three-day diary has been s
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million. In addition, whites were u
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an indicator of pool water ingestio
Page 95 and 96: Table 3-4. Per Capita a Estimates o
Page 97 and 98: Table 3-8. Per Capitaa Estimates of
Page 99 and 100: Table 3-11. Per Capita a Estimates
Page 101 and 102: Table 3-14. Consumers Onlya Estimat
Page 103 and 104: Table 3-18. Consumers Onlya Estimat
Page 105 and 106: Table 3-21. Consumers Only a Estima
Page 107 and 108: Water Ingested (mL/day) a from Wate
Page 109 and 110: Table 3-26. Plain Tap Water and Tot
Page 111 and 112: Total fluid Plain water Milk Carbon
Page 113 and 114: Tap Water Intake in Breastfed and F
Page 115 and 116: Table 3-32. Mean (± Standard Devia
Page 117 and 118: Study Group Table 3-34. Pool Water
Page 119 and 120: of specific mouthing events, expres
Page 121 and 122: Table 4-2. Confidence in Recommenda
Page 123 and 124: their children’s mouthing behavio
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Page 127 and 128: contacts occurring during the objec
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Page 131 and 132: 2 to 3 days old, in a quiet, temper
Page 133 and 134: waking hours. Parents also recorded
Page 135 and 136: outdoor mouthing rates. The authors
Page 137 and 138: Activity Data of Two- to Four-Year-
Page 139 and 140: Table 4-6. Variability in Objects M
Page 141 and 142: Behavior Child-Specific Exposure Fa
Page 143 and 144: Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
Page 145: Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
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Age Group Birth to
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8.3 KEY BODY WEIGHT STUDY 8.3.1 U.S
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III (1966-70) for ages 12-17 years,
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8.4.9 Kahn and Stralka, 2008 - Esti
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Table 8-3. Mean and Percentile Body
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Page Child-Specific Exposure Factor
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Table 8-8. Statistics for Probabili
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Figure 8-2. Weight by Age Percentil
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Figure 8-4. Weight by Length Percen
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Figure 8-6. Body Mass Index-for-Age
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Source: Gestational Age (weeks) 25
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of the food consumed after the mois
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Minimal (or Defined) Bias Child-Spe
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9.3 INTAKE STUDIES The primary sour
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9.3.2 Relevant Fruit and Vegetable
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Weighted data were used in all of t
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Page Child-Specifi c Exposur e Fact
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Vegetables Any Vegetable Baby Food
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4 to 5 months 6 to 11 months 12 to
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All fruits Canned fruit Fresh fruit
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Table 9-23. Mean Moisture Content o
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eported on fish intake for children
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a Table 10-1. Recommended Values fo
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10.3 GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES 10.
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Minnesota, and North Dakota. While
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elow the value of 8 ounces most com
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into a single pooled data set is so
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as described in Section 10.6.1.2, a
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Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Co
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Table 10-12. Fish Consumption Among
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Table 10-18. Mean Fish Intake Among
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Table 10-23. Consumption Rates for
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Species a Anadromous fish Pelagic f
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Lingcod Mackerel, Atlantic Mackerel
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Child-Specific Exposur e Factor s H
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Total Grains 95000060 15000250 1500
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National Center for Environmental A
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csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

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