csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

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Korman, S. (1990) Pica as a presenting symptom in childhood celiac disease. Am J Clin Nutr 51:139-141. Lacey, E. (1990) Broadening the Perspective of Pica: Literature Review. Public Health Rep 105(1):29-35. Lourie, R.S.; Layman, E.M.; Millican, F.K. (1963) Why children eat things that are not food. Children 10:143-146. Manton, W.I.; Angle, C.R.; Stanek, K.L.; Reese, Y.R.; Kuehnemann, T.J. (2000) Acquisition and Retention of Lead by Young Children. Environ Res Sec A 82:60-80. Marmor, M., Glickman, L., Shofer, F., Faich, L.A., Rosenberg, C., Cornblatt, B., Friedman, S. (1987) Toxocara canis Infection of Children: Epidemiologic and Neuropsychologic Findings. Am J Public Health 77:554-559. Minnich, V.; Okçuoğlu, A.; Tarcon, Y.; Arcasoy, A.; Cin, S.; Yörükoğlu, O.; Renda, F.; Demirağ, B. (1968) Pica in Turkey. Am J Clin Nutr 21(1): 78-86. Mølhave, L.; Schneider, T.; Kjærgaard, S.K.; Larsen, L.; Norn, S.; Jørgensen, O. (2000) House dust in seven Danish offices. Atmospher Environ 34:4767-4779. National Academy Press (2000) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, D.C.: 2000. National Climatic Data Center (2008). U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service. Data Set TD3200: U.S. Cooperative Summary of the Day Data, Daily Surface Data. Accessed online at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/station locator.html on March 7 - 13, 2008. Nelson, S.; Greene, T.; Ernhart, C.B. (1996) Toxocara canis Infection in Preschool Age Children: Risk Factors and the Cognitive Development of Preschool Children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 18(2):167-174. Parnell, C.B.; Jones, D.D.; Rutherford, R.D.; Goforth, K.J. (1986) Physical Properties of Five Grain Dust Types. Environ Health Perspect 66:183- 188. Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 5 - Ingestion of Soil and Dust Powell, J.J.; Ainley, C.C.; Harvey, R.S.; Mason, I.M.; Kendall, M.D.; Sankey, E.A.; Dhillon, A.P.; Thompson, R.P. (1996) Characterisation of inorganic microparticles in pigment cells of human gut associated lymphoid tissue. Gut (38):390-395. Rainville, A.J. (1998) Pica practices of pregnant women are associated with lower maternal hemoglobin level at delivery. J Am Diet Assoc 98(3):293-296. Robischon, P. (1971) Pica Practice and Other Hand- M o u t h B e h a v i o r a n d C h i l d r e n ’ s Developmental Level. Nurs Res 20(1):4-16. Shacklette, H.T.; Boerngen, J.G. (1984) Element Concentrations in Soils and Other Surficial Materials of the Conterminous United States. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1270. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Smulian, J.C.; Motiwala, S.; Sigman, R.K. (1995) Pica in a rural obstetric population. South Med J 88(12):1236-1240. Shepherd, N.A.; Crocker, P.R.; Smith, A.P.; Levison, D.A. (1987) Exogenous pigment in Peyer’s patches. Hum Pathol 18(1):50-54. Stanek, E.J., and Calabrese, E.J. (1995a) Daily estimates of soil ingestion in children. Environ Health Perspect 103(3):276-285. Stanek, E.J., and Calabrese, E.J. (1995b) Soil ingestion estimates for use in site evaluations based on the best tracer method. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 1:133-156. Stanek, E.J., and Calabrese, E.J. (2000) Daily soil ingestion estimates for children at a Superfund site. Risk Anal 20(5): 627-635. Stanek, E.J.; Calabrese, E.J.; Mundt, K.; Pekow, P.; Yeatts, K.B. (1998) Prevalence of Soil Mouthing/Ingestion among Healthy Children Aged 1 to 6. J Soil Contam 7(2):227-242. Stanek, E.J.; Calabrese, E.J.; Barnes, R. (1999) Soil ingestion estimates for children in Anaconda using trace element concentrations in different particle size fractions. Human Ecol Risk Assess 5(3): 547-558. Stanek, E.J.; Calabrese, E.J.; Zorn, M. (2001a) Biasing factors for simple soil ingestion estimates in mass balance studies of soil ingestion. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 7(2): 329-355. Stanek, E.J.; Calabrese, E.J.; Zorn, M. (2001b) Soil ingestion distributions for Monte Carlo risk Page Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook 5-28 September 2008
Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 5 - Ingestion of Soil and Dust assessment in children. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 7(2): 357-368. USDA. (2008) Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Web Soil Survey, accessed February 25, 2008. U.S. DHHS (1981a) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics. Public Use Data Tape D o c u m e n t a t i o n : M e d i c a l H i s t o r y Questionnaire, Ages 1-11, Tape Number 4067. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1975. May 1981. Hyattsville, MD. U.S. DHHS (1981b) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics. Public Use Data Tape D o c u m e n t a t i o n : M e d i c a l H i s t o r y Questionnaire, Ages 12-74, Tape Number 4081. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1975. May 1981. Hyattsville, MD. U.S. DHHS (1985a) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics. Public Use Data Tape Documentation: Medical History 6 Months - 11 Years, Tape Number 5010. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980. May 1985. Hyattsville, MD. U.S. DHHS (1985b) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics. Public Use Data Tape Documentation: Medical History Ages 12-74 Years, Tape Number 5020. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976- 1980. May 1985. Hyattsville, MD. U.S. DOC (2008) U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population Division. Table 2: Annual Estimates of the Population by Sex and Selected Age Groups for the United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 (NC-EST2007-02). U.S. EPA (1994a) Guidance Manual for the IEUBK Model for Lead in Children. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. EPA 540/R-93/081. U.S. EPA (1994b) Technical Support Document: Parameters and Equations Used in the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) Model for Lead in Children (v 0 . 9 9 d ) . W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . : U . S . Environmental Protection Agency, Technical Review Workgroup for Lead with assistance from the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 9285.7-22. U.S. EPA. (1996) Soil Screening Guidance: User’s Guide. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Publication 9355.4-23. U.S. EPA. (1997) Exposure Factors Handbook R evised. W a sh in g to n , D C : U .S . Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. EPA/600/P- 95/002F. U.S. EPA. (2005) Guidance on selecting age groups for monitoring and assessing childhood exposures to environmental contaminants. Washington, DC.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. EPA/630/P-03/003F. Van Dyck, K.; Robberecht, H.; Van Cauwenburgh, R.; Van Vlaslaer, V.; Deelstra, H. (2000) Indication of silicon essentiality in humans: serum concentrations in Belgian children and adults, including pregnant women. Biol Trace Elem Res 77(1):25-32. Van Wïjnen, J.H.; Clausing, P.; Brunekreff, B. (1990) Estimated soil ingestion by children. Environ Res 51:147-162. Vermeer, D.E.; Frate, D.A. (1979) Geophagia in rural Mississippi: environmental and cultural contexts and nutritional implications. Am J Clin Nutr 32:2129-2135. Von Lindern, I.; Spalinger, S.; Petroysan, V.; von Braun, M. (2003) Assessing remedial effectiveness through the blood lead:soil/dust lead relationship at the Bunker Hill Superfund Site in the Silver Valley of Idaho. Sci Total Environ 303(1-2): 139-170. Wilson, M.J. Clay Mineralogical and Related Characteristics of Geophagic Materials. (2003) J Chem Ecol 29(7):1525-1547. Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Page September 2008 5-29
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National Center for Environmental A
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS Child-Speci
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CSEFH 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continu
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES Child-Specific
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Ch
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CSEFH ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ch
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CSEFH OPP = Office of Pesticide Pro
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CSEFH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Child-
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CSEFH were discussed in the guideli
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CSEFH Table ES-1. Summary of Recomm
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CSEFH Youngmoo Kim, U.S. EPA, Regio
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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
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exposure assessor) to distinguish b
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is perhaps the most common method o
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uncertainty is high, a sensitivity
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Peretz, C.; Goldberg, P.; Kahan, E.
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Table 2-3. Approaches to Quantitati
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water ingestion is summarized. Rele
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3.3 DRINKING WATER INGESTION STUDIE
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that the three-day diary has been s
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million. In addition, whites were u
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an indicator of pool water ingestio
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Table 3-4. Per Capita a Estimates o
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Table 3-8. Per Capitaa Estimates of
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Table 3-11. Per Capita a Estimates
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Table 3-14. Consumers Onlya Estimat
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Table 3-18. Consumers Onlya Estimat
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Table 3-21. Consumers Only a Estima
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Water Ingested (mL/day) a from Wate
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Table 3-26. Plain Tap Water and Tot
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Total fluid Plain water Milk Carbon
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Tap Water Intake in Breastfed and F
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Table 3-32. Mean (± Standard Devia
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Study Group Table 3-34. Pool Water
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of specific mouthing events, expres
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Table 4-2. Confidence in Recommenda
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their children’s mouthing behavio
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to mouth activity was recorded duri
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Page 129 and 130: unlikely to be representative of th
Page 131 and 132: 2 to 3 days old, in a quiet, temper
Page 133 and 134: waking hours. Parents also recorded
Page 135 and 136: outdoor mouthing rates. The authors
Page 137 and 138: Activity Data of Two- to Four-Year-
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Page 141 and 142: Behavior Child-Specific Exposure Fa
Page 143 and 144: Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
Page 147 and 148: Table 4-17. Estimated Mean Daily Mo
Page 177: Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
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Age Group Birth to
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8.3 KEY BODY WEIGHT STUDY 8.3.1 U.S
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III (1966-70) for ages 12-17 years,
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8.4.9 Kahn and Stralka, 2008 - Esti
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Table 8-3. Mean and Percentile Body
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Page Child-Specific Exposure Factor
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Table 8-8. Statistics for Probabili
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Figure 8-2. Weight by Age Percentil
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Figure 8-4. Weight by Length Percen
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Figure 8-6. Body Mass Index-for-Age
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Source: Gestational Age (weeks) 25
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of the food consumed after the mois
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Minimal (or Defined) Bias Child-Spe
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9.3 INTAKE STUDIES The primary sour
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9.3.2 Relevant Fruit and Vegetable
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Weighted data were used in all of t
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Page Child-Specifi c Exposur e Fact
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Vegetables Any Vegetable Baby Food
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4 to 5 months 6 to 11 months 12 to
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All fruits Canned fruit Fresh fruit
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Table 9-23. Mean Moisture Content o
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eported on fish intake for children
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a Table 10-1. Recommended Values fo
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10.3 GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES 10.
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Minnesota, and North Dakota. While
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elow the value of 8 ounces most com
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into a single pooled data set is so
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as described in Section 10.6.1.2, a
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Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Co
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Table 10-12. Fish Consumption Among
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Table 10-18. Mean Fish Intake Among
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Table 10-23. Consumption Rates for
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Species a Anadromous fish Pelagic f
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Lingcod Mackerel, Atlantic Mackerel
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Child-Specific Exposur e Factor s H
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Total Grains 95000060 15000250 1500
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National Center for Environmental A
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