csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

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eastfeeding up to 12 months. Pediatrics. 116: 1413-1426. Brown, K.H.; Akhtar, N.A.; Robertson, A.D.; Ahmed, M.G. (1986a) Lactational capacity of marginally nourished mothers: relationships between maternal nutritional status and quantity and proximate composition of milk. Pediatrics. 78: 909- 919. Brown, K.H.; Robertson, A.D.; Akhtar, N.A. (1986b) Lactational capacity of marginally nourished mothers: infants' milk nutrient consumption and patterns of growth. Pediatrics. 78: 920-927. Butte, N.F.; Garza, C.; Smith, E.O.; Nichols, B.L. (1984) Human milk intake and growth in exclusively breast-fed infants. J Pediatr. 104:187-195. Butte, N.; Wong, W.; Hopkinson, J.; Smith E.; Ellis, J. (2000) Infant feeding mode affects early growth and body composition. Pediatrics. 106; 1355-1366. Buckley, K. (2001) Long-term breastfeeding: nourishment or nurtance. J Hum Lactat. 17(4):304-311. CDC. (2007) Breastfeeding report card 2007. Breastfeeding practices-results from the National Immunization Survey. Available on line at http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data Chen, A.; Rogan, W.J. (2004) Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the United States. Pediatrics. 113: 435-439. Dewey, K.G.; Lönnerdal, B. (1983) Milk and nutrient intake of breast-fed infants from 1 to 6 months:relation to growth and fatness. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2:497-506. Dewey, K.G.; Heinig, J.; Nommsen, L.A.; Lönnerdal, B. (1991a) Maternal versus infant factors related to human milk intake and residual volume: the DARLING study. Pediatrics. 87:829-837. Dewey, K.G.; Heinig, J.; Nommsen, L.; Lönnerdal, B. (1991b) Adequacy of energy intake among breast-fed infants in the DARLING study: relationships to growth, velocity, morbidity, and activity levels. J Pediatr. 119:538-547. Dewey, K.G.; Peerson, J.M.; Heinig, M.J.; Nommsen, L.A.; Lonnerdal, B. (1992) Growth patterns of breast-fed infants in Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 15 - Human Milk Intake affluent (United States) and poor (Peru) communities: implications for timing of complementary feeding. Am J Clin Nutr. 56: 1012-1018. Drewett, R.; Amatayakul, K.; Wongsawasdii, L.; Mangklabruks, A.; Ruckpaopunt, S.; Ruangyuttikarn, C.; Baum, D., Imong, S.; Jackson, D.; Woolridge, M. (1993) Nursing frequency and the energy intake from breast milk and supplementary food in a rural Thai population: a longitudinal study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 47: 880-891. Ferris, A.M.; Neubauer, S.H.; Bendel, R.B.; Green, K.W.; Ingardia, C.J.; Reece, E.A. (1993) Perinatal lactation protocol and outcome in mothers with and without insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 58: 43–48. Gonzalez-Cossio,T.; Habicht, J.P.; Rasmussen, K.M.; Delgado, H.L. (1998) Impact of food supplementation during lactation on infant breast-milk intake and on the proportion of infants exclusively breast-fed. J Nutr. 128:1692-1702. Hofvander, Y.; Hagman, U.; Hillervik, C.; Siolin, S. (1982) The amount of milk consumed by 1-3 months old breast or bottled-fed infants. Acta Paediatrica Scand. 71: 953-958. Kent, J.C.; Mitoulas, L.R.; Cregan, M.D.; Ramsay, D.T.; Doherty, D.A.; Hartmann, P.E. (2006) Volume and frequency of breastfeeding and fat content of breast milk throughout the day. Pediatrics. 117:387-395. Li, R.; Grummer-Strawn, L. (2002) Racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding among Unites States infants: third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988- 1994. Birth. 29(4):251-257. Lönnerdal, B.; Forsum, E.; Gebre-Medhim, M.; Hombraes, L. (1976) Human milk composition in Ethiopian and Swedish mothers: lactose, nitrogen, and protein contents. Am J Clin Nutr. 29:1134-1141. Marriott, M.; Campbell, L.; Hirsch, E.; and Wilson, D. (2007) Preliminary data from demographic and health surveys on infant feeding in 20 developing countries. J. Nutr. Vol 137: 518S-523S. Maxwell, N.I.; Burmaster, D.E. (1993) A simulation model to estimate a distribution of lipid intake from human milk during the first year Page Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook 15-20 September 2008
Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 15 - Human Milk Intake of life. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 3:383-406. Mitoulas, L.; Kent, J.; Cox, D.; Owens, R.; Sherriff, J.; Hartman, P. (2002) Variation in fat, lactose, and protein in human milk over 24 h and throughout the first year of lactation. Br J Nutr. 88:29-37. Mitoulas, L.; Gurrin, L.; Doherty, D.; Sherriff, J.; Hartman, P. (2003) Infant intake of fatty acids from human milk over the first year of lactation. Br J Nutr. 90:979-986. National Academy of Sciences (NAS). (1991) Nutrition during lactation. Washington, DC. National Academy Press. Neubauer, S. H.; Ferris, A.M.; Chase, C.G.; Fanelli J., Thompson, C.A.; Lammi-Keefe, C.J.; Clark, R. M.; Jensen, R. G.; Bendel, R. B.; Green, K. W. (1993) Delayed lactogenesis in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993: 58:54–60. Neville, M.C.; Keller, R.; Seacat, J.; Lutes, V.; Neifert, M.; et al. (1988) Studies in human lactation: milk volumes in lactating women during the onset of lactation and full lactation. Am J Clin Nutr. 48:1375-1386. Pao, E.M.; Hines, J.M.; Roche, A.F. (1980) Milk intakes and feeding patterns of breast-fed infants. J Am Diet Assoc. 77:540-545. Ryan, A.S.; Rush, D.; Krieger, F.W.; Lewandowski, G.E. (1991) Recent declines in breastfeeding in the United States, 1984- 1989. Pediatrics. 88:719-727. Ryan, A.S. (1997) The resurgence of breastfeeding in the United States. Pediatrics. 99(4):e12. http://www.pediatrics.org/cqi/content/full/99 /4/e12. Salmenpera, L.; Perheentupa, J.,; Siimes, M.A. (1985) Exclusively breast-fed healthy infants grow slower than reference infants. Pediatr Res. 19: 307–312. Scanlon, K.S.; Grummer-Strawn, L.; Shealy, K.R.; Jefferds, M.E.; Chen, J.; Singleton, J.A.. (2007) Breastfeeding Trends and Updated National Health Objectives for Exclusive Breastfeeding - United States, Birth Years 2000-2004. MMWR 56(30):760-763. Stuff J.E.; Nichols B.L. (1989) Nutrient intake and growth performance of older infants fed human milk. J Pediatr. 1989: 115:959–968. Wright, C.M.; Parkinson, K.; Scott, J. (2006) Breastfeeding in a UK urban context: who breast- feeds, for how long and does it matter? Public Health Nutr. 9(6):686-691. Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Page September 2008 15-21
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National Center for Environmental A
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS Child-Speci
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CSEFH 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continu
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES Child-Specific
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Ch
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CSEFH ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ch
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CSEFH OPP = Office of Pesticide Pro
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CSEFH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Child-
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CSEFH were discussed in the guideli
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CSEFH Table ES-1. Summary of Recomm
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CSEFH Youngmoo Kim, U.S. EPA, Regio
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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
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exposure assessor) to distinguish b
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is perhaps the most common method o
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uncertainty is high, a sensitivity
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Peretz, C.; Goldberg, P.; Kahan, E.
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Table 2-3. Approaches to Quantitati
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water ingestion is summarized. Rele
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3.3 DRINKING WATER INGESTION STUDIE
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that the three-day diary has been s
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million. In addition, whites were u
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an indicator of pool water ingestio
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Table 3-4. Per Capita a Estimates o
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Table 3-8. Per Capitaa Estimates of
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Table 3-11. Per Capita a Estimates
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Table 3-14. Consumers Onlya Estimat
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Table 3-18. Consumers Onlya Estimat
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Table 3-21. Consumers Only a Estima
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Water Ingested (mL/day) a from Wate
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Table 3-26. Plain Tap Water and Tot
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Total fluid Plain water Milk Carbon
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Tap Water Intake in Breastfed and F
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Table 3-32. Mean (± Standard Devia
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Study Group Table 3-34. Pool Water
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of specific mouthing events, expres
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Table 4-2. Confidence in Recommenda
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their children’s mouthing behavio
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to mouth activity was recorded duri
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contacts occurring during the objec
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unlikely to be representative of th
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2 to 3 days old, in a quiet, temper
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waking hours. Parents also recorded
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outdoor mouthing rates. The authors
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Activity Data of Two- to Four-Year-
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Table 4-6. Variability in Objects M
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Behavior Child-Specific Exposure Fa
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Table 4-17. Estimated Mean Daily Mo
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Age Group Birth to
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8.3 KEY BODY WEIGHT STUDY 8.3.1 U.S
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III (1966-70) for ages 12-17 years,
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8.4.9 Kahn and Stralka, 2008 - Esti
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Table 8-3. Mean and Percentile Body
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Page Child-Specific Exposure Factor
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Table 8-8. Statistics for Probabili
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Figure 8-2. Weight by Age Percentil
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Figure 8-4. Weight by Length Percen
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Figure 8-6. Body Mass Index-for-Age
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Source: Gestational Age (weeks) 25
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of the food consumed after the mois
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Minimal (or Defined) Bias Child-Spe
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9.3 INTAKE STUDIES The primary sour
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9.3.2 Relevant Fruit and Vegetable
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Weighted data were used in all of t
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Page Child-Specifi c Exposur e Fact
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Vegetables Any Vegetable Baby Food
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4 to 5 months 6 to 11 months 12 to
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All fruits Canned fruit Fresh fruit
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Table 9-23. Mean Moisture Content o
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eported on fish intake for children
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a Table 10-1. Recommended Values fo
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10.3 GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES 10.
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Minnesota, and North Dakota. While
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elow the value of 8 ounces most com
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into a single pooled data set is so
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as described in Section 10.6.1.2, a
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Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Co
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Table 10-12. Fish Consumption Among
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Table 10-18. Mean Fish Intake Among
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Table 10-23. Consumption Rates for
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Species a Anadromous fish Pelagic f
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Lingcod Mackerel, Atlantic Mackerel
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Child-Specific Exposur e Factor s H
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Total Grains 95000060 15000250 1500
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National Center for Environmental A
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