csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
CSEFH
Table 3-18. Consumers Only Estimates of Combined Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion:
All Sources (mL/day) ...................................................... 3-22
Table 3-19. Consumers Only Estimates of Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion:
Community Water (mL/kg-day) .............................................. 3-23
Table 3-20. Consumers Only Estimates of Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion:
Bottled Water (mL/kg-day) ................................................. 3-23
Table 3-21. Consumers Only Estimates of Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion:
Other Sources (mL/kg-day) ................................................. 3-24
Table 3-22. Consumers Only Estimates of Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion:
All Sources (mL/kg-day) ................................................... 3-24
Table 3-23. Consumer Only Estimates of Total Direct and Indirect Water Ingestion (mL/kg-day) . .... . 3-25
Table 3-24. Water Ingested (mL/day) from Water By Itself and Water Added to Other Beverages
and Foods ............................................................... 3-26
Table 3-25. Mean Water Consumption (mL/kg-day) by Race/Ethnicity . ........................ . 3-27
Table 3-26 Plain Tap Water and Total Water Consumption by Age, Sex, Region, Urbanicity, and
Poverty Category ......................................................... 3-28
Table 3-27. Intake of Water from Various Sources in 2-13-y-old Participants of the
DONALD Study 1985-1999 ................................................. 3-29
Table 3-28. Mean (± Standard Error) Fluid Intake (mL/kg/day) by Children Aged 1-10 years,
NHANES III, 1988-94 ..................................................... 3-30
Table 3-29. Estimated Mean (± Standard Error) Amount of Total Fluid and Plain Water Intake
among Children Aged 1-10 Years: (NHANES III, 1988-94) ......................... 3-31
Table 3-30. Tap Water Intake in Breastfed and Formula-fed Infants and Mixed-fed Young Children at
Different Age Points ....................................................... 3-32
Table 3-31. Percentage of Subjects Consuming Beverages and Mean Daily Beverage Intakes (mL/day)
for Children With Returned Questionnaires ..................................... 3-33
Table 3-32. Mean (± Standard Deviation) Daily Beverage Intakes Reported on Beverage Frequency
Questionnaire and 3-day Food and Beverage Dairies .............................. 3-34
Table 3-33. Consumption of Beverages by Infants and Toddlers (Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study) . . 3-35
Table 3-34. Pool Water Ingestion by Swimmers ........................................... 3-36
Table 4-1. Summary of Recommended Values for Mouthing Frequency and Duration ............. . 4-3
Table 4-2. Confidence in Recommendations for Mouthing Frequency and Duration ............... . 4-4
Table 4-3. New Jersey Children’s Mouthing Frequency (contacts/hour) from Video-transcription . ... . 4-20
Table 4-4. Survey-Reported Percent of 168 Minnesota Children Exhibiting Behavior, by Age . ...... . 4-20
Table 4-5. Video-transcription Median (Mean) Observed Mouthing in 19 Minnesota Children
(contacts/hour) ........................................................... 4-20
Table 4-6. Variability in Objects Mouthed by Washington State Children (contacts/hour) . ......... . 4-21
Table 4-7. Videotaped Mouthing Activity of Texas Children, Median Frequency (Mean ± SD) . ..... . 4-22
Table 4-8. Indoor Hand-to-Mouth Frequency (contacts/hour) Distributions from Various
Studies ................................................................. 4-22
Table 4-9. Outdoor Hand-to-Mouth Frequency (contacts/hour) Distributions from Various
Studies ................................................................. 4-22
Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Page
September 2008 xiii