csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 9 - Intake of Fruits and Vegetables Any Fruit or 100% Fruit Juice Any Fruit a 100% Fruit Juice Fruit Preparation Baby Food Fruit Non-Baby Food Fruit Canned Fruit Fresh Fruit Any Vegetable or 100% Vegetable b Juice Type of Preparation Baby Food Vegetables Cooked Vegetables Raw Vegetables b Types of Vegetables Dark Green Vegetablesc d Deep Yellow Vegetables Starchy Vegetable: White Potatoes French Fries/Fried Potatoes Baked/Mashed Other Starchy Vegetablese f Other Non-starchy Vegetables a b c d e f - * ** † Source: Table 9-19. Percentage of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Infants and Toddlers Consuming Different Types of Fruits and Vegetables on A Given Day Age 4 to 5 months Hispanic Non-Hispanic (n=84) (n=538) 45.0 39.4 19.3 32.6 9.1† 2.3† 9.1*† 30.0 25.7 4.2† 2.3† - 21.0 1.4† - - 5.0† 8.1† Fruits 35.9 28.8 15.3 28.4 1.3† - - Vegetables 27.3 25.4 2.4† - - 18.2 2.3† - - 4.0 8.0 Age 6 to 11 months Hispanic Non-Hispanic (n=163) (n=1,228) 86.2 68.1 57.8 42.9* 35.8 8.8 30.0** 66.2 34.4* 33.2 8.3† 3.3† 32.2 20.7 5.7† 14.4† 6.7** 28.5 86.8 76.0 47.7 58.1 27.4 13.7 17.7 70.3 47.6 29.4 2.6 3.1 25.9 17.4 5.3 10.7 15.1 29.0 Age 12 to 24 months Hispanic Non-Hispanic (n=124) (n=871) 84.6 67.6 64.1 5.6† 64.2 12.1** 59.3 Total includes all baby food and non-baby food fruits and excludes 100% fruit juices and juice drinks. Total includes commercial baby food, cooked vegetables, raw vegetables, and 100% vegetable juices. Reported dark green vegetables include broccoli, spinach, romaine lettuce and other greens such as kale. Reported yellow vegetables include carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, and winter squash. Reported starchy vegetables include corn, green peas, immature lima beans, black-eyed peas (not dried), cassava, and rutabaga. Corn is also shown as a subcategory of other starchy vegetables. Reported non-starchy vegetables include asparagus, cauliflower, cabbage, onions, green beans, mixed vegetables, peppers, and tomatoes. = Less than 1 percent of the group consumed this food on a given day. = Significantly different from non-Hispanic at the P0.01. = Statistic is potentially unreliable because of a high coefficient of variation. Mennella et al., 2006. Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Page September 2008 9-33 76.0 4.1† 71.4 25.0 11.4† 20.0 43.5 23.4 19.8 16.6 42.0 87.2 71.5 58.9 6.3 68.0 26.2 53.1 80.5 4.9 72.9 13.1 7.5 15.4 39.0 20.3 17.7 22.2 43.4
4 to 5 months 6 to 11 months 12 to 24 months 4 to 5 months 6 to 11 months 12 to 24 months a Source: Table 9-20. Top Five Fruits and Vegetables Consumed by Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Infants and Toddlers Per Age Group a Bananas (16.3%) Apples (14.7%) Peaches (10.9%) Melons (3.5%) Pears (2.5%) Bananas (35.9%) Apples (29.7%) Pears (15.2%) Peaches (11.7%) Melons (4.7%) Bananas (41.5%) Apples (25.7%) Berries (8.5%) Melons (7.6%) Pears (7.3%) Carrots (9.9%) Sweet Potatoes (6.8%) Green Beans (5.8%) Peas (5.0%) Squash (4.3%) Potatoes (20.7%) Carrots (19.0%) Mixed Vegetables (11.1%) Green Beans (11.0%) Sweet Potatoes (8.7%) Potatoes (43.5%) Tomatoes (23.1%) Carrots (18.6%) Onions (11.8%) Corn (10.2%) Ethnicity Hispanic Non-Hispanic Top Fruits By Age Group Top Vegetables By Age Group Percentage consuming at least one in a day is in parentheses. Mennella, et al., 2006. Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 9 - Intake of Fruits and Vegetables Apples (12.5%) Bananas (10.0%) Pears (5.9%) Peaches (5.8%) Prunes (1.6%) Apples (32.9%) Bananas (31.5%) Pears (17.5%) Peaches (13.9%) Apricots (3.7%) Bananas (30.9%) Apples (22.0%) Grapes (12.3%) Peaches (9.6%) Berries (8.7%) Sweet Potatoes (7.5%) Carrots (6.6%) Green Beans (5.9%) Squash (5.4%) Peas (3.8%) Carrots (17.5%) Potatoes (16.4%) Green Beans (15.9%) Squash (11.8%) Sweet Potatoes (11.4%) Potatoes (39.0%) Green Beans (19.6%) Peas (12.8%) Carrots (12.3%) Tomatoes (11.9%) Page Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook 9-34 September 2008
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National Center for Environmental A
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS Child-Speci
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CSEFH 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continu
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES Child-Specific
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Ch
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CSEFH ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ch
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CSEFH OPP = Office of Pesticide Pro
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CSEFH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Child-
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CSEFH were discussed in the guideli
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CSEFH Table ES-1. Summary of Recomm
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CSEFH Youngmoo Kim, U.S. EPA, Regio
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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
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exposure assessor) to distinguish b
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is perhaps the most common method o
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uncertainty is high, a sensitivity
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Peretz, C.; Goldberg, P.; Kahan, E.
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Table 2-3. Approaches to Quantitati
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water ingestion is summarized. Rele
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3.3 DRINKING WATER INGESTION STUDIE
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that the three-day diary has been s
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million. In addition, whites were u
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an indicator of pool water ingestio
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Table 3-4. Per Capita a Estimates o
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Table 3-8. Per Capitaa Estimates of
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Table 3-11. Per Capita a Estimates
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Table 3-14. Consumers Onlya Estimat
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Table 3-18. Consumers Onlya Estimat
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Table 3-21. Consumers Only a Estima
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Water Ingested (mL/day) a from Wate
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Table 3-26. Plain Tap Water and Tot
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Total fluid Plain water Milk Carbon
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Tap Water Intake in Breastfed and F
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Table 3-32. Mean (± Standard Devia
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Study Group Table 3-34. Pool Water
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of specific mouthing events, expres
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Table 4-2. Confidence in Recommenda
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their children’s mouthing behavio
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to mouth activity was recorded duri
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contacts occurring during the objec
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unlikely to be representative of th
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2 to 3 days old, in a quiet, temper
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waking hours. Parents also recorded
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outdoor mouthing rates. The authors
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Activity Data of Two- to Four-Year-
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Table 4-6. Variability in Objects M
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Behavior Child-Specific Exposure Fa
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Table 4-17. Estimated Mean Daily Mo
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Age Group Birth to
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8.3 KEY BODY WEIGHT STUDY 8.3.1 U.S
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III (1966-70) for ages 12-17 years,
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8.4.9 Kahn and Stralka, 2008 - Esti
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Table 8-3. Mean and Percentile Body
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Page Child-Specific Exposure Factor
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Table 8-8. Statistics for Probabili
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Page 307 and 308: Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Page 313 and 314: Source: Gestational Age (weeks) 25
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Page 319 and 320: 9.3 INTAKE STUDIES The primary sour
Page 321 and 322: 9.3.2 Relevant Fruit and Vegetable
Page 323 and 324: Weighted data were used in all of t
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Page 345: Vegetables Any Vegetable Baby Food
Page 349 and 350: All fruits Canned fruit Fresh fruit
Page 351 and 352: Table 9-23. Mean Moisture Content o
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Page 367 and 368: 10.3 GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES 10.
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Lingcod Mackerel, Atlantic Mackerel
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Child-Specific Exposur e Factor s H
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Total Grains 95000060 15000250 1500
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National Center for Environmental A
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