csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook LIST OF TABLES (Continued) CSEFH Table 7-7. Mean and Percentile Skin Surface Area (m 2 ) Derived from U.S. EPA Analysis of NHANES 1999-2006 Males and Females Combined ...................................... 7-17 Table 7-8. Mean and Percentile Skin Surface Area (m 2 ) Derived from U.S. EPA Analysis of NHANES 1999-2006 Males ......................................................... 7-17 Table 7-9. Mean and Percentile Skin Surface Area (m 2 ) Derived from U.S. EPA Analysis of NHANES 1999-2006 Females ....................................................... 7-18 Table 7-10. Descriptive Statistics For Surface Area/Body Weight (SA/BW) Ratios (m 2 /kg) . ......... . 7-19 Table 7-11. Estimated Skin Surface Exposed During Warm Weather Outdoor Activities ........... . 7-20 Table 7-12. Summary of Field Studies .................................................. 7-21 Table 7-13. Geometric Mean and Geometric Standard Deviations of Solids Adherence by Activity and Body Region ................................................... 7-22 Table 7-14. Summary of Controlled Greenhouse Trials - Children Playing ...................... . 7-23 Table 7A-1. Estimated Parameter Values for Different Age Intervals ........................... 7A-5 Table 7A-2. Summary of Surface Area Parameter Values for the Dubois and Dubois Model ........ . 7A-5 Table 8-1. Recommended Values for Body Weight ......................................... 8-2 Table 8-2. Confidence in Recommendations for Body Weight ................................. 8-3 Table 8-3. Mean and Percentile Body Weights (kilograms) Derived from NHANES 1999-2006, Males and Females Combined ....................................................... 8-10 Table 8-4. Mean and Percentile Body Weights (kilograms) for Males Derived from NHANES 1999-2006 .............................................................. 8-11 Table 8-5. Mean and Percentile Body Weights (kilograms) for Females Derived from NHANES 1999-2006 ...................................................... 8-11 Table 8-6. Weight in Kilograms for Males 2 Months-19 Years of Age– Number Examined, Mean, and Selected Percentiles, by Age Category: United States, 1976-1980 ................... . 8-12 Table 8-7. Weight in Kilograms for Females 6 Months-19 Years of Age– Number Examined, Mean, and Selected Percentiles, by Age Category: United States, 1976-1980 ................... . 8-13 Table 8-8. Statistics for Probability Plot Regression Analyses: Females Body Weights 6 Months to 20 Years of Age .............................. 8-14 Table 8-9. Statistics for Probability Plot Regression Analyses: Males Body Weights 6 Months to 20 Years of Age . ............................... 8-15 Table 8-10. Body Weight Estimates (kilograms) by Age and Gender, U.S. Population Derived From NHANES III (1988-94 ..................................................... 8-16 Table 8-11. Body Weight Estimates (in kilograms) by Age, U.S. Population Derived From NHANES III (1988-94 .................................................... 8-17 Table 8-12. Observed Mean, Standard Deviation and Selected Percentiles for Weight (kilograms) by Gender and Age: Birth to 36 Months ................................................ 8-18 Table 8-13. Mean Body Weight (kilograms) by Age and Gender Across Multiple Surveys .......... . 8-25 Table 8-14. Mean Height (centimeters) by Age and Gender Across Multiple Surveys .............. . 8-26 Table 8-15. Mean Body Mass Index (BMI) by Age and Gender Across Multiple Surveys ........... . 8-27 Table 8-16. Sample Sizes by Age, Sex, Race, and Examination ............................... 8-28 Table 8-17. Mean BMI (kg/m 2 ) Levels and Change in the Mean Z-Scores by Race-Ethnicity and Sex . . . 8-29 Table 8-18. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity a Among Children ........................... 8-30 Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Page September 2008 xvii
CSEFH LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Table 8-19. Numbers of Live Births by Weight and Percentages of Live Births with Low and Very Low Birth Weights, by Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother: United States, 2005 ............... . 8-31 Table 8-20. Estimated Mean Body Weights of Males and Females by Single-Year Age Groups Using NHANES II Data ........................................................ 8-32 Table 8-21. Estimated Mean Body Weights of Males and Females by Single-Year Age Groups Using NHANES III Data .................................................. 8-33 Table 8-22. Estimated Mean Body Weights of Males and Females by Single-Year Age Groups Using NHANES IV Data ........................................................ 8-34 Table 8-23. Estimated Body Weights of Typical Age Groups of Interest in U.S. EPA Risk Assessments . 8-35 Table 8-24. Estimated Percentile Distribution of Body Weight by Fine Age Categories ............ . 8-35 Table 8-25. Estimated Percentile Distribution of Body Weight By Fine Age Categories With Confidence Interval ................................................................ 8-36 Table 8-26. Fetal Weight (grams) Percentiles Throughout Pregnancy ......................... . 8-37 Table 8-27. Neonatal Weight by Gestational Age for Males and Females Combined .............. . 8-38 Table 9-1. Recommended Values for Intake of Fruits and Vegetables, As Consumed .............. . 9-3 Table 9-2. Confidence in Recommendations for Intake of Fruits and Vegetables .................. . 9-4 Table 9-3. Per Capita Intake of Fruits and Vegetables (g/kg-day as consumed) .................. . 9-12 Table 9-4. Consumer Only Intake of Fruits and Vegetables (g/kg-day as consumed) .............. . 9-13 Table 9-5. Per Capita Intake of Individual Fruits and Vegetables (g/kg-day as consumed) . ......... . 9-14 Table 9-6. Consumer Only Intake of Individual Fruits and Vegetables (g/kg-day as consumed) . ..... . 9-17 Table 9-7. Mean Quantities of Vegetables Consumed Daily by Sex and Age, Per Capita (g/day) ..... . 9-20 Table 9-8. Percentage of Individuals Consuming Vegetables, by Sex and Age (%) ............... . 9-21 Table 9-9. Mean Quantities of Fruits Consumed Daily by Sex and Age, Per Capita (g/day) . ........ . 9-22 Table 9-10. Percentage of Individuals Consuming, Fruits by Sex and Age (%) ................... . 9-23 Table 9-11. Quantity (as consumed) of Fruits and Vegetables Consumed Per Eating Occasion and Percentage of Individuals Using These Foods in Two Days ......................... 9-24 Table 9-12. Characteristics of the FITS Sample Population ................................... 9-25 Table 9-13. Percentage of Infants and Toddlers Consuming Different Types of Vegetables .......... . 9-26 Table 9-14. Top Five Vegetables Consumed by Infants and Toddlers ........................... 9-27 Table 9-15. Percentage of Infants and Toddlers Consuming Different Types of Fruits . ............. . 9-28 Table 9-16. Top Five Fruits Consumed by Infants and Toddlers ............................... 9-29 Table 9-17. Characteristics of WIC Participants and Non-participants (Percentages) .............. . 9-30 Table 9-18. Food Choices for Infants and Toddlers by WIC Participation Status .................. . 9-32 Table 9-19. Percentage of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Infants and Toddlers Consuming Different Types of Fruits and Vegetables on A Given Day .......................... 9-33 Table 9-20. Top Five Fruits and Vegetables Consumed by Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Infants and Toddlers Per Age Group ................................................ 9-34 Table 9-21. Average Portion Sizes per Eating Occasion of Fruits and Vegetables Commonly Consumed by Infants from the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study .............. . 9-35 Table 9-22. Average Portion Sizes per Eating Occasion of Fruits and Vegetables Commonly Consumed by Toddlers from the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study ............ . 9-36 Page Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook xviii September 2008
Page 1 and 2: National Center for Environmental A
Page 3 and 4: CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS Child-Speci
Page 5 and 6: CSEFH 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue
Page 7 and 8: CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page 9 and 10: CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page 11 and 12: CSEFH 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continu
Page 13 and 14: CSEFH LIST OF TABLES Child-Specific
Page 15 and 16: CSEFH LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Ch
Page 17: CSEFH LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Ch
Page 29 and 30: CSEFH ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ch
Page 31 and 32: CSEFH OPP = Office of Pesticide Pro
Page 33 and 34: CSEFH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Child-
Page 35 and 36: CSEFH were discussed in the guideli
Page 37 and 38: CSEFH Table ES-1. Summary of Recomm
Page 45 and 46: CSEFH Youngmoo Kim, U.S. EPA, Regio
Page 47 and 48: Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
Page 69 and 70:
Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
exposure assessor) to distinguish b
Page 75 and 76:
is perhaps the most common method o
Page 77 and 78:
uncertainty is high, a sensitivity
Page 79 and 80:
Peretz, C.; Goldberg, P.; Kahan, E.
Page 81 and 82:
Table 2-3. Approaches to Quantitati
Page 83 and 84:
water ingestion is summarized. Rele
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
3.3 DRINKING WATER INGESTION STUDIE
Page 89 and 90:
that the three-day diary has been s
Page 91 and 92:
million. In addition, whites were u
Page 93 and 94:
an indicator of pool water ingestio
Page 95 and 96:
Table 3-4. Per Capita a Estimates o
Page 97 and 98:
Table 3-8. Per Capitaa Estimates of
Page 99 and 100:
Table 3-11. Per Capita a Estimates
Page 101 and 102:
Table 3-14. Consumers Onlya Estimat
Page 103 and 104:
Table 3-18. Consumers Onlya Estimat
Page 105 and 106:
Table 3-21. Consumers Only a Estima
Page 107 and 108:
Water Ingested (mL/day) a from Wate
Page 109 and 110:
Table 3-26. Plain Tap Water and Tot
Page 111 and 112:
Total fluid Plain water Milk Carbon
Page 113 and 114:
Tap Water Intake in Breastfed and F
Page 115 and 116:
Table 3-32. Mean (± Standard Devia
Page 117 and 118:
Study Group Table 3-34. Pool Water
Page 119 and 120:
of specific mouthing events, expres
Page 121 and 122:
Table 4-2. Confidence in Recommenda
Page 123 and 124:
their children’s mouthing behavio
Page 125 and 126:
to mouth activity was recorded duri
Page 127 and 128:
contacts occurring during the objec
Page 129 and 130:
unlikely to be representative of th
Page 131 and 132:
2 to 3 days old, in a quiet, temper
Page 133 and 134:
waking hours. Parents also recorded
Page 135 and 136:
outdoor mouthing rates. The authors
Page 137 and 138:
Activity Data of Two- to Four-Year-
Page 139 and 140:
Table 4-6. Variability in Objects M
Page 141 and 142:
Behavior Child-Specific Exposure Fa
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Table 4-17. Estimated Mean Daily Mo
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Age Group Birth to
Page 279 and 280:
8.3 KEY BODY WEIGHT STUDY 8.3.1 U.S
Page 281 and 282:
III (1966-70) for ages 12-17 years,
Page 283 and 284:
8.4.9 Kahn and Stralka, 2008 - Esti
Page 285 and 286:
Table 8-3. Mean and Percentile Body
Page 287 and 288:
Page Child-Specific Exposure Factor
Page 289 and 290:
Table 8-8. Statistics for Probabili
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Figure 8-2. Weight by Age Percentil
Page 297 and 298:
Figure 8-4. Weight by Length Percen
Page 299 and 300:
Figure 8-6. Body Mass Index-for-Age
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
Page 309 and 310:
Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Source: Gestational Age (weeks) 25
Page 315 and 316:
of the food consumed after the mois
Page 317 and 318:
Minimal (or Defined) Bias Child-Spe
Page 319 and 320:
9.3 INTAKE STUDIES The primary sour
Page 321 and 322:
9.3.2 Relevant Fruit and Vegetable
Page 323 and 324:
Weighted data were used in all of t
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page Child-Specifi c Exposur e Fact
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Vegetables Any Vegetable Baby Food
Page 347 and 348:
4 to 5 months 6 to 11 months 12 to
Page 349 and 350:
All fruits Canned fruit Fresh fruit
Page 351 and 352:
Table 9-23. Mean Moisture Content o
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
eported on fish intake for children
Page 365 and 366:
a Table 10-1. Recommended Values fo
Page 367 and 368:
10.3 GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES 10.
Page 369 and 370:
Minnesota, and North Dakota. While
Page 371 and 372:
elow the value of 8 ounces most com
Page 373 and 374:
into a single pooled data set is so
Page 375 and 376:
as described in Section 10.6.1.2, a
Page 377 and 378:
Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Co
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Table 10-12. Fish Consumption Among
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Table 10-18. Mean Fish Intake Among
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Table 10-23. Consumption Rates for
Page 393 and 394:
Species a Anadromous fish Pelagic f
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Lingcod Mackerel, Atlantic Mackerel
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Child-Specific Exposur e Factor s H
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Total Grains 95000060 15000250 1500
Page 473 and 474:
Page 475 and 476:
Page 477 and 478:
Page 479 and 480:
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
Page 519 and 520:
Page 521 and 522:
Page 523 and 524:
Page 525 and 526:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605 and 606:
Page 607 and 608:
Page 609 and 610:
Page 611 and 612:
Page 613 and 614:
Page 615 and 616:
Page 617 and 618:
Page 619 and 620:
Page 621 and 622:
Page 623 and 624:
Page 625 and 626:
Page 627 and 628:
Page 629 and 630:
Page 631 and 632:
Page 633 and 634:
Page 635 and 636:
Page 637 and 638:
Page 639 and 640:
Page 641 and 642:
Page 643 and 644:
Page 645 and 646:
Page 647 and 648:
Page 649 and 650:
Page 651 and 652:
Page 653 and 654:
Page 655 and 656:
Page 657 and 658:
Page 659 and 660:
Page 661 and 662:
Page 663 and 664:
Page 665 and 666:
Page 667 and 668:
Page 669 and 670:
Page 671 and 672:
Page 673 and 674:
Page 675 and 676:
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679:
National Center for Environmental A
show all

csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?