csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 15 - Human Milk Intake Table 15-21. Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Human Milk Over the First Year of Lactation (g/100 g total fatty acids) Fatty Acid Medium-chain Saturated Odd-chain Saturated Long-chain Saturated Monounsaturated Trans- 1 month Mean SE 14.2 0.4 0.9 0.01 34.1 0.3 37.5 0.2 2.0 0.08 Polyunsaturated 12.7 0.2 SE = Standard error. Source: Mitoulas et al., 2003. Lipid Content Used in Calculation Measured Lipid Content b 3.6 4% Lipid Content c a b c 2 months Mean SE 13.9 0.6 0.9 0.02 33.7 0.3 33.7 0.4 2.2 0.1 9.5 0.2 4 months Mean SE 12.0 0.5 0.8 0.02 32.8 0.3 38.6 0.5 2.2 0.09 11.8 0.4 6 months Mean SE 11.5 0.2 0.8 0.03 31.8 0.6 37.5 0.5 4.6 0.02 13.4 0.6 Table 15-22. Comparison of Lipid Content Assumptions (mL/kg-day) a Mean Population Percentile 9 months Mean SE 14.1 0.3 0.8 0.02 31.4 0.6 37.3 0.5 1.7 0.2 8.0 0.1 12 months Mean SE 17.0 0.4 0.8 0.02 33.9 0.6 33.0 0.5 1.8 0.09 6.7 0.03 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 99 2.0 2.3 2.9 3.6 4.3 4.9 5.2 5.9 3.9 2.5 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.4 4.9 5.2 5.8 Values reported by the author in units of g/kg-day were converted to units of mL/kg-day by dividing by 1.03 g/mL (density of human milk). Lipid intake derived from lipid content and milk intake measurements. Lipid intake derived using 4% lipid content value and milk intake. Source: Arcus-Arth et al., 2005. Page Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook 15-32 September 2008
Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Chapter 15 - Human Milk Intake Table 15-23. Distribution of Average Daily Lipid Intake (mL/kg day) assuming 4% Milk Lipid Content AAP Infants 0 to 12 months 3.9 Mean Population Percentile 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 99 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.1 5.4 6.0 a Values reported by the author in units of g/kg-day were converted to units of mL/kg-day by dividing by 1.03 g/mL (density of human milk). Source: Arcus-Arth et al., 2005. Number of Observations in Simulation Minimum Lipid Intake Maximum Lipid Intake Arithmetic Mean Lipid Intake Standard Deviation Lipid Intake a Table 15-24. Predicted Lipid Intakes for Breast-fed Infants Under 12 Months of Age Statistic Value 1,113 1.0 mL/day a 51.0 mL/day a 26.0 mL/day a 7.2 mL/day a Values reported by the author in units of g/day were converted to units of mL/day by dividing by 1.03 g/mL (density of human milk). Source: Maxwell and Burmaster, 1993. Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook Page September 2008 15-33
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National Center for Environmental A
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS Child-Speci
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CSEFH 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continue
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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CSEFH 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continu
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES Child-Specific
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CSEFH LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Ch
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CSEFH ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Ch
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CSEFH OPP = Office of Pesticide Pro
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CSEFH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Child-
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CSEFH were discussed in the guideli
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CSEFH Table ES-1. Summary of Recomm
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CSEFH Youngmoo Kim, U.S. EPA, Regio
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Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
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exposure assessor) to distinguish b
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is perhaps the most common method o
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uncertainty is high, a sensitivity
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Peretz, C.; Goldberg, P.; Kahan, E.
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Table 2-3. Approaches to Quantitati
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water ingestion is summarized. Rele
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3.3 DRINKING WATER INGESTION STUDIE
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that the three-day diary has been s
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million. In addition, whites were u
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an indicator of pool water ingestio
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Table 3-4. Per Capita a Estimates o
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Table 3-8. Per Capitaa Estimates of
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Table 3-11. Per Capita a Estimates
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Table 3-14. Consumers Onlya Estimat
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Table 3-18. Consumers Onlya Estimat
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Table 3-21. Consumers Only a Estima
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Water Ingested (mL/day) a from Wate
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Table 3-26. Plain Tap Water and Tot
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Total fluid Plain water Milk Carbon
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Tap Water Intake in Breastfed and F
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Table 3-32. Mean (± Standard Devia
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Study Group Table 3-34. Pool Water
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of specific mouthing events, expres
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Table 4-2. Confidence in Recommenda
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their children’s mouthing behavio
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to mouth activity was recorded duri
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contacts occurring during the objec
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unlikely to be representative of th
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2 to 3 days old, in a quiet, temper
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waking hours. Parents also recorded
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outdoor mouthing rates. The authors
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Activity Data of Two- to Four-Year-
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Table 4-6. Variability in Objects M
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Behavior Child-Specific Exposure Fa
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Table 4-17. Estimated Mean Daily Mo
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Age Group Birth to
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8.3 KEY BODY WEIGHT STUDY 8.3.1 U.S
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III (1966-70) for ages 12-17 years,
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8.4.9 Kahn and Stralka, 2008 - Esti
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Table 8-3. Mean and Percentile Body
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Page Child-Specific Exposure Factor
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Table 8-8. Statistics for Probabili
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Figure 8-2. Weight by Age Percentil
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Figure 8-4. Weight by Length Percen
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Figure 8-6. Body Mass Index-for-Age
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Age Group a Child-Specific Exposure
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Source: Gestational Age (weeks) 25
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of the food consumed after the mois
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Minimal (or Defined) Bias Child-Spe
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9.3 INTAKE STUDIES The primary sour
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9.3.2 Relevant Fruit and Vegetable
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Weighted data were used in all of t
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Page Child-Specifi c Exposur e Fact
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Vegetables Any Vegetable Baby Food
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4 to 5 months 6 to 11 months 12 to
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All fruits Canned fruit Fresh fruit
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Table 9-23. Mean Moisture Content o
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eported on fish intake for children
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a Table 10-1. Recommended Values fo
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10.3 GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES 10.
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Minnesota, and North Dakota. While
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elow the value of 8 ounces most com
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into a single pooled data set is so
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as described in Section 10.6.1.2, a
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Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Co
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Table 10-12. Fish Consumption Among
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Table 10-18. Mean Fish Intake Among
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Table 10-23. Consumption Rates for
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Species a Anadromous fish Pelagic f
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Lingcod Mackerel, Atlantic Mackerel
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Child-Specific Exposur e Factor s H
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Total Grains 95000060 15000250 1500
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Page 513 and 514: Child-Specific Exposure Factors Han
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National Center for Environmental A
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csefh - Kinder-Umwelt-Gesundheit

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