UC Los Angeles Campus & Medical Center Strategic Energy Plan ...

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water use to be provided, a solar hot water system was sized to meet demand. The cost of an appropriate system – active, closed-loop, with glazed flat-plate collectors – was then estimated to determine the cost effectiveness of this measure. Paybacks for domestic solar hot water were close to 80 years and therefore this measure was not recommended. However, in certain circumstances domestic solar hot water may prove more attractive. For example, where a solar hot water system has already been in use, adding or upgrading panels while preserving existing storage and pipes may offer a cost-effective measure. Also, access to state or federal tax credits and/or utility incentives – currently in pilot phase – could greatly increase the attractiveness of this measure. 8.8 Custom Projects 8.8.1 UCLA Custom Project 1. Boiler Replacement This project considers replacing existing old inefficient boilers with new energy efficient boilers. Existing boilers are old non-condensing boilers. Existing boilers do not capture latent heat from flue gases resulting in lower combustion efficiency. With condensing boilers 90-98% thermal efficiency is possible allowing significant natural gas savings. Conventional non condensing boilers are 70-80% efficient and require return water temperatures at comparatively higher temperatures. Condensing boilers have a specially designed heat exchanger which allows boiler to operate at lower return water temperatures and comparatively at higher delta T (difference between return water temperature and supply water temperature). Operating boiler at lower temperature reduces heat loss and standby losses. 8.8.2 UCLA Custom Project 2. Chiller Replacement (SRLF, UNEX, Willshire Center) This project considers replacing existing old inefficient chillers with new energy efficient and environmental friendly chillers. Existing chillers are old and often require costly maintenance and downtime. Old chillers do not have good full load and part load efficiencies. In other words power (KW) used per cooling tons (ton) is comparatively high and therefore provides an opportunity for electric energy and demand savings. Chillers efficiencies are typically higher or are often designed for full load which occurs only for few hours per year. Rest of the time chillers see fewer loads or run at part load. Since cooling load is significantly driven by outside air and humidity, cooling needs also vary. Old chillers also use refrigerants containing Ozone-destroying Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) which are no longer used in new chillers. New chillers use more environmental friendly Hydrochlroflurocarbon (HFC) refrigerants. Continuing use of old chillers with outdated technology and banned refrigerant causes wastage of energy and higher operating costs. Old chillers require refrigerants which are costly to obtain from a dwindling reclaimed supply. Also it becomes difficult, costlier and requires longer downtime to obtain parts for old chillers. Since building depends on local chillers for cooling needs and does not use chilled water from campus central plant, it is important to have efficient chillers to avoid hefty demand charges. New efficient chillers provides an opportunity to implement energy conservation measures such as chilled water supply reset, variable flow, condenser water reset etc without chiller penalty. With advanced chiller controls it is possible to limit demand and optimize chiller plant energy use. New chillers with advanced controls provide flexibility in plant operation and effectively use of plant equipment. 2413.01/Reports/UC SEP Final Report – UCLA.doc 8-18 December 31, 2008 Newcomb | Anderson | McCormick
8.8.3 UCLA Custom Project 3. TOD Controls on Exhaust Fans This project considers installing Time of Day Controls (TOD) on Toilet Exhaust Fans. Existing toilet fans run continuously and are not controlled through building energy management system. Fan with higher horsepower impose significant operating costs, both electric energy use and demand charges. Therefore with the time of day controls, fan operating hours will be matched with building occupancy schedule and controlled through building energy management system. This will allow fan to run only when building is occupied and turn off automatically when building is unoccupied. If required occupancy sensors can be also integrated with fan so that whenever occupancy detected, fan will be turn on. Time of day control on fan will significantly reduce electric energy usage charges. 8.8.4 UCLA Custom Project 4. Condenser Water Reset This project considers implementing condenser water reset control strategy for water cooled chillers through use of existing building direct digital controls (DDC). In condenser water reset control, water supplied to chiller condenser is varied according to outside air wet bulb temperature. With condenser water reset methodology, variable set point is used to control condenser water entering temperature. Every cooling tower can cool water up to certain limits depending on tower design and ambient wet bulb temperature. Since tower size is fixed, only driving factor is ambient wet bulb temperature. Cooling tower can cool water to temperatures equal to “wet bulb temperature + cooling tower approach”. Approach is defined as the difference between cooling tower leaving water temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature. In other words if ambient wet bulb temperature is 50°F with cooling tower design approach of 14°F, cooling tower can cool water to temperature of 64°F. Most of the Chiller Manufacturer’s literature indicates that a one-degree drop in condenser entering water temperature will reduce chiller energy consumption by two percent. Due to location of the building, ambient conditions favor use of condenser water reset and fan power usage due to condenser water reset will be comparatively less than the energy used for the chiller. An algorithm will set upper and lower limits on condenser water temperature to protect chiller from damage and by restricting set point to minimum approach, fan speed will not be increased in vain to achieve impossibly low temperatures. Without condenser water reset strategy, Cooling tower will run at fixed low temperature wasting fan energy during conditions when cooling tower cannot achieve the setpoint due to higher outside air wet-bulb temperature/ or due to high cooling loads on chiller. Condenser water reset strategy calculates overall system load, chiller characteristics (kW/ton), outside air wet bulb (enthalpy) and determines the best possible condenser water set-point under given circumstances for an efficient plant operation. To implement condenser water reset strategy, a wet bulb temperature sensor and humidity sensor will be installed in cooling tower yard. The existing DDC panel will be programmed to add an algorithm to reset (lower) condenser water entering temperature based on ambient wet bulb temperature. This algorithm will be used to control cooling tower fan VFD to maintain preset temperature at existing temperature sensors. 2413.01/Reports/UC SEP Final Report – UCLA.doc 8-19 December 31, 2008 Newcomb | Anderson | McCormick
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UC STRATEGIC ENERGY PLAN University
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 12. E
Page 7 and 8: 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Policy on
Page 9 and 10: Table 1.1: Summary of Baseline and
Page 11: The campus has reviewed a prelimina
Page 14 and 15: Construction costs of recommended p
Page 16 and 17: Campus Los Angeles Santa Monica Hos
Page 18 and 19: 2.3 Campus Overview University of C
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.4: SEP Buildings (Continued
Page 23: 3. HISTORICAL CAMPUS ENERGY USE 3.1
Page 26 and 27: 4.2 Individual Building Metering Bu
Page 28 and 29: of UCSD buildings is shown in Figur
Page 31: 5. UTILITIES 5.1 Providers & Tariff
Page 35 and 36: 7. RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION 7.1
Page 37 and 38: 8. RECOMMENDED ENERGY EFFICIENCY PR
Page 39 and 40: One campus, UC Santa Barbara, has c
Page 41 and 42: The controllers themselves are prog
Page 43 and 44: 8.2.3 Air Handler Project 3. Demand
Page 45 and 46: standard control sequence. Temperat
Page 47 and 48: 8.2.11 Laboratory Air Handler Proje
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Page 57: 9. BUILDING OVERVIEW & PROJECTS The
Page 60 and 61: Strategic Energy Plan Projects SEP
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Strategic Energy Plan Projects SEP
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PROJECT DETAIL REPORT SEP Project I
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City: Los Angeles City Index Materi
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11. PROJECT LISTS & SUMMARY OF PROJ
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Table 11.1: SEP Projects by Funding
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educing growth adjusted electricity
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step within the Strategic Energy Pl
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Appendix A Field Data Forms (Electr
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Appendix C Other Calculations and D
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