intervention strategies for renovation of social housing estates

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Laurentino38. Example of deprived social housing estates in Rome. Chapter 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dwellings even if they are just renting it. In particular, as appeared in direct inspections, residents in the towers themselves changed and paid for works to replace the kitchen with the bedrooms or realize openings in the walls to let the light enter the room. Residents complained about low quality of all interventions implemented by ATER to improve the quality of the dwellings and the building on the whole. Concerning interventions made to the existing facades, the same problems reoccurred shortly after interventions. Façades (in 2006) Façades (in 2009) Windows (in 2006) Windows (in 2009) Single layer concrete panel (1965-1980) U=0,5 U=0,40 U=3,1 U=2,8 U=0,8 (20cm) U=0,6y Social quality Multi-layer sandwich panel From direct site inspections, interviews and informal meetings with residents, a number of social aspects emerged that are worth to briefly describe. Social management. People strongly complain about failure of overall social management. They do not feel safe at all because of the number of crime incidents in the last years. Control by police is almost absent. ATER is incapable of managing arrearage and especially squatting. An illegal network controls apartments that are immediately occupied as soon as they are empty. According to the residents, it even happens that dwellings are occupied when tenants are hospitalized. Thus, most of the people, especially elderly, are afraid of leaving their apartment for overnight stay, or to go on holidays. Social safety. Drug addicted are present in the neighbourhood and booster criminality. Since they were concentrated in the demolished bridge building, people hope partial demolition would solve the problem. However, it is still too early to judge. Clearly, criminality reinforced the bad reputation and unattractiveness of the neighbourhood. With this respect, also media attribute by publishing bad facts 21 . Social cohesion. It is worthwhile to mention that residents do really care about their neighbourhood, especially value social relationship that grew over the years. They found their way to trust the neighbours and built strong social networks. In some case, as it happens in other deprived neighbourhoods in Rome, the public green nearby the blocks is directly managed by the inhabitants. They personally take care of open spaces even if this is is a responsibility of the Municipality. Open and shared spaces, in fact, are often so deprived that people decides to improve it themselves. Despite all the mentioned difficulties, social cohesion is very strong. Together with green and favourable location, it is often mentioned by the residents as the most important quality of Laurentino 38. 21 In a way, Laurentino38, together with others large housing estates like Corviale, was chosen by the media as one of the icons of deprived neighborhood. This Roman estates are often on newspapers for complains about the housing policy, actions undertaken by ATER and crime facts. Clearly, all of this reverberates on people living honestly. 18. G SAFETY
Laurentino38. Example of deprived social housing estates in Rome. Chapter 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7.2 NO RENOVATION? 7.2.1 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS In the last decades, two main actions were undertaken by the Italian government to improve the quality of deprived neighbourhoods like Laurentino38 (Di Giulio in Andeweg, 2007). They are: PRU: the new Italian law on Urban Refurbishment, (Programma di Recupero Urbano) provided by art.11 law n.493/1993) CQ: the ACT on Neighbourhood Contracts, CQ (Contratto di Quartiere), provided by the D.M. (30/12/2002) for regeneration of neighbourhood heavily affected by social, economic and physical decay. Laurentino38 was proposed by ATER Roma and the Municipality of Rome as one of the neighbourhoods to get funds for CQ II (D.M. 30/12/2002). The neighbourhood obtained funds for the proposed urban and building restructuring. Currently, both programs are under implementation. The first, allocated 230 million euros while the second comprises 10 million euro (see table below where financial sources, aim and actions of each program are briefly described). ACTION PRU CQ FINANCIAL SOURCES - SCALE Private and public financial sources. Acts also outside the neighborhood Integrates PRU with public funds. Acts within the borders of the original plan (PdZ) GENERAL AIM Urban renewal: functional and social integration of the neighborhood with the surrounding areas Urban transformations based on participation of residents and other associations MAIN INTERVENTIONS New construction (tertiary centre on urban level close to the neighborhood). Acquisition of private areas within the natural reserve. Renewal of the ring road (new streets, renewal of existing streets, cycle and pedestrian routes) Renovation by means of partial demolition (demolition of bridge buildings in SW insula 9-10- 11) Socio-economic renewal of bridge 6-7-8 by addition of new function (new services) Improvement of historical and natural qualities (farmhouses, public spaces with facilities, archeological remains) In May 2006, the demolition of the 11 th bridge building started, being the first to be pulled down. Demolition of both the other two bridges in the Southwest sector, the 9 th and the 10 th , will costs another 5 million euros 22 . The demolished volume is supposed to be substituted by new housing for special groups (young couples and elderly). So far, despite high costs for demolition, the action revealed to be quite successful, at least from a social point of view. From social and technical point of view, in fact, these insula were considered by the residents the most deprived of the neighbourhood. During the inspections, residents were asked two questions: 1) Are you satisfied with the demolition of the bridges? 2) Do you agree with this solution or would you have suggested other priorities for spending money? It emerged that residents are quite satisfied with the demolition. They thought it was a good solution for the criminality affecting the neighbourhood, being particularly present in these 22 www.eng.regione.lazio.it (visited in 2007) 19. G IMPROVING QUALITY OF NEIGHBOURHOODS DEMOLITION OPINION OF RESIDENTS
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INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR RENOVAT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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The research set up Chapter 1 -----
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Theoretical background Chapter 2 --
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Social housing renovation Italy: wh
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Approaches to renovation interventi
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A Dutch case study. The Bijlmermeer
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A Dutch case study. The Bijlmermeer
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Van Kempen, R., Murie, A., Tosics,
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