intervention strategies for renovation of social housing estates

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A Dutch case study. The Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam Zuidoost. Chapter 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- about 70% of the inhabitants in the high-rise buildings were non-Dutch (van Hoogstraten et al, 2002). According to Wassenberg, ‘most of the planner’s ideals changed into disadvantages’ (see table in the previous page). Despite all the interventions realized so far, the bad reputation of the Bijlmermeer is still unchanged. More has still to be done. 5.2.3) MOST RECENT ACTIONS The Bijlmermeer is currently among those areas of intervention selected by the Big Cities policy (BCP). The BCP aims to create ‘the complete city’; a city with thriving economies, jobs, pleasant living conditions, safe streets and integrated communities (Aalbers et. al., 2005). At the basis of such a policy, there is the ‘integrated approach’ which combines economic, social and physical aspects 5 . The Big City Policy is a matter of the central government, but Dutch cities have their own strategies and visions in multi-years development programmes. The cities can designate target neighbourhoods themselves. In this case, the local government decides on which objectives money has to be spent whereas the single districts develop and implement the plans. In Amsterdam, the BCP is partly based on the ‘Amsterdam Complete Stad’ (Complete City). In this document is described the seven major city’s problems and the corresponding proposed solutions. The suburbanization of the middle class has been classified among those problems. This suburbanisation is caused by the mismatch between housing supply and demand, and poor housing environment. The identified and proposed remedy consists of investments in demolition and new developments, housing rehabilitation and improving the housing environment. All the Amsterdam’s districts receive funds from the BCP-budget according to the stated priority. The Southeast, thus the Bijlmermeer, has been 5 The BCP is based on four main pillars: employment and economic, physical developments, social and safety. For what concerns the second pillar, among the others, it includes measures for the revitalization and restructuring of the housing supply, fine-tuning open space planning and other physical interventions to improve safety in traffic, physical environment and society. 12. E THE BIG CITY POLICY INTEGRATED APPROACH
A Dutch case study. The Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam Zuidoost. Chapter 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- identified as a high priority district. This corresponds to the class entitled Development Areas, for which the largest funds are provided. As said, the Bijlmermeer is under the administrative control of the district council of Amsterdam Zuidoost (Amsterdam Southeast). The whole Zuidoost covers 10% of the total surface of Amsterdam and counts 82.000 inhabitants of which 50.000 living in the Bijlmermeer. Of the total housing stock in Southeast, 73% is social housing, 14% private rented housing and 13% is owner-occupied. However, since many housing units have been sold between 1996 and 2000, and many more are still in the selling process, it is difficult to specify the exact number of dwelling by tenure (Aalbers et al, 2005). In 2000, it was estimated that dwellings in the Bijlmermeer were still spacious comparing to Amsterdam (in Bijlmermeer Centre and East between 41% and 49% of the dwellings are more than 80m2; in Amsterdam just 24% of dwellings are bigger than 80m2). Moreover, about half of the housing stock in the Southeast is considered affordable (60m2 - rent below € 500). These numbers are interesting because they demonstrate again that physical aspects, like dwellings’ size in this case, and even affordable prices, are not sufficient incentives to attract people to live in a stigmatized area (Aalbers et. al., 2005). Compared to the whole city of Amsterdam, the Bijlmermeer has a relatively low population and housing density, with a high share of green spaces (in Southeast 134m 2 of green per dwelling, while in Amsterdam it is 70m 2 ). Since the mid 90s, in fact, the green area’s were mentioned by the residents as the most attractive aspect of their housing environment (Wassenberg, 2002). On the other hand, as we highlighted in the previous paragraph, this physical quality also led to social problems like vandalism and lack of safety. Thanks to the new business and commercial areas recently realized in the ArenA area (AJAXstadium), the whole “Zuidoost” can not be considered a strictly residential district any more. In 1975, in fact, there were mostly housing blocks and residents had to live with few local shops (one baker, one butcher and four supermarkets). Urban plan ArenA by Pi de Bruin, 1996. The main developments are on the left side, behind the station The Bijlmermeer is changing its physical appearance: it is no longer a high-rise district (van Hoogstraten et. al., 2002). Year by year, as a result of the implementation of the Final Plan, the Bijlmermeer is loosing his original residential character. Because of demolition and renovation, the original buildings have been improved or substituted by new construction in 13. E HOUSING STOCK TRANSFORMING THE BIJLMERMEER
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INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR RENOVAT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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The research set up Chapter 1 -----
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Theoretical background Chapter 2 --
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Social housing renovation Italy: wh
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Physical measures for renovation of
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PHYSICAL ASPECTS (technical-functio
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Directed to PHYSICAL ASPECTS (funct
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Directed to the APPEARANCE FACADE 2
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Directed to the APPEARANCE STAIRWEL
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Directed to SOCIAL ASPECTS PHYSICAL
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Conclusions and recommendations. Ch
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A.A.V.V. (1997). The new Bijlmermee
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Leupen, B. (2006). Frame and generi
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Van Kempen, R., Murie, A., Tosics,
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