intervention strategies for renovation of social housing estates

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A Dutch case study. The Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam Zuidoost. Chapter 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.2) RENOVATION DEVELOPMENTS 5.2.1) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Many developments were interwoven with each other over the years. Therefore an historical overview could support understanding the current initiatives for renovation. The long-intricate background of the Bijlmermeer could be introduced gathering the main facts into five groups: 1935-1962 initiative; 1963-1975 construction; 1976-1982 first renewal wave; 1983- 2002 second renewal wave; 2002-2009 final plan Here follows a brief description of all the five phases. The polder during preparation of the field Between 1930 and 1947, Cornelis van Eesteren was the director of the Urban Planning Division of Amsterdam. He embraced the concept of ‘ideal city’ (hygiene, green, efficient traffic system, wide and well-lit spaces) to answer the uncontrolled urban growth of postindustrial cities. The solution would have been clear urban plans to shift ‘from the chaotic to the functional city’. According to this objective, high-rise building seemed to be the best housing type. The first proposal for the Bijlmermeer was presented to the City of Amsterdam in 1953, but it was just in 1962 that the Town Planning Department group, guided by van Eesteren, defined the urban plan. Between 1963 and 1975, the acquirement of the land and the preparation of the polder 2 began . In compliance with the principles fixed by the Town Planning Department, the Amsterdam Zuidoost Urban Plan defined the extension of the city over the Southeast by means of hundreds modern dwellings. Housing for 40.000 people, of those 90% in high-rise blocks, were realized by industrial building contractors. 2 In the Netherlands, the polder is an area of land under the sea level that is transformed into a building area after pumping out all the water 6. E INITIATIVE 1935-1962 1963-1975 CONSTRUCTION
A Dutch case study. The Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam Zuidoost. Chapter 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Although the Amsterdam Urban Plan (1928-1935) advised against the residential extensions to this area due to the lack of transportation links, in 1966 the polder is officially added to the city. Two years later, the first dwellings are completed (Hoogoord, by K. Rijnboutt in Fig.7). However, the metro line was realized not before 1980. This excluded the neighbourhood from the city for too long. With respect to the initial enthusiasms, just three years after the beginning of the works, the first complains began. The inhabitants constituted an independent resident association (OBO). They protested especially against the management of the public spaces, which is and was a responsibility of the municipality The Nota Matteman is the first critical dossier gathering together all the critical comments (Archis, 1997). Most of the buildings were completed between 1975 and 1976 but, in the mean time, the former Dutch colony Suriname, obtained the independence from the Netherlands. The Surinam inhabitants could choose their nationality. As a consequence, many immigrants looking for a house, found their place in the Bijlmermeer, because it was the only quick available housing scheme. OMA WAS CHARGED BY THE AMSTERDAM HOUSING DEPARTMENT WITH DEFINING A NEW PLAN FOR THE BIJLMERMEER. IN 1986, THE GROUP PROPOSED REVISIE BIJLMER, A PROPOSAL BASED ON THE IDEA OF THE SO- CALLED BIJLMER STRIP, A NEW LINEAR URBAN CENTRE SURROUNDED BY HIGH-DENSITY HOUSING. THE PLAN HAS NEVER BEEN REALIZED, BUT MANY IDEAS WERE LATER RECONSIDERED, SUCH AS THE CENTRUM ZUIDOOST AND THE BIJLERMDREEF LOWERING (Laner & Menegotto, 1998). The failures of the urban and building scheme have been sensibly raised over the years. With the first Agenda delivered by the council of Amsterdam Zuidoost in 1976, a first set of interventions is planned, but the first concrete solutions were implemented by the Project Group on High-rise Buildings. The group, founded in 1982 under the Municipality of Amsterdam, proposed interventions to adapt and improve the existing spatial concept of the Bijlmermeer. Many physical measures were implemented such as: addition of new dwellings at the bottom, closing of the inner walkways, equipment of additional elevators, provision of small commercial activities, demolition of multi-storey parking places and retrain the green spaces with cycle and pedestrian signed routes. However, additional public facilities like sport hall, indoor swimming pool, police station, a big commercial centre and a mosque were finished only at the end of the ‘80s (Wassenberg, 2006) All over the last 20 years, many studies have been conducted in order to clarify the real conditions of the neighbourhood and identify possible solutions of intervention (like the first report of the working group ‘Future of the Bijlmermeer’ in 1986, and ‘Revisie Bijlmer’ by OMA in 1986). In 1983, the sixteen housing associations managing the neighbourhood merged their dwellings in the Bijlmermeer into a new housing association: Nieuw Amsterdam. The Amsterdam administration together with the central government allocated new funds to let the housing association act immediately. The rents were decreased and some renewal interventions implemented (see two examples next page). 7. E SECOND RENEWAL WAVE 1983-2002
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INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR RENOVAT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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The research set up Chapter 1 -----
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Theoretical background Chapter 2 --
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Social housing renovation Italy: wh
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Physical measures for renovation of
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PHYSICAL ASPECTS (technical-functio
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Directed to PHYSICAL ASPECTS (funct
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Directed to the APPEARANCE FACADE 2
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Directed to the APPEARANCE STAIRWEL
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Directed to SOCIAL ASPECTS PHYSICAL
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Conclusions and recommendations. Ch
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A.A.V.V. (1997). The new Bijlmermee
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intervention strategies for renovation of social housing estates

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