intervention strategies for renovation of social housing estates

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Theoretical background Chapter 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- back to its original state (Flourentzou, 2002) in Alanne, 2003). According to PRC (Bouwcentrum International the Netherlands) 5 refurbishment is a “comprehensive renovation work (repair of all defects) of (high-rise) residential buildings”. Restructuring is one step further refurbishment, at least in terms of scale. It covers “all activities aimed at the improvement of the living and working conditions in (high-rise) neighborhoods and districts, including new building, demolition and infrastructural works”. According to Ouwehand and van Daalen (2002) renewal is a radical approach at neighbourhood level where dwellings are made available for middle and higher income households. The definition of renovation provided by Thomsen refers to renovation as an extension of building life-cycle in terms of physical, functional, financial, architectural and ecological aspects. Therefore, a study of the life-cycle, should concentrate not only on their physical performance but also on their functional and (micro) economical performance as underlying factors about continued use, transformation or destruction (Gruis at al, 2006). According to the model of “sharing layers of change” developed by the American architect Stewart Brand, who is specialized in recycling building, (Brand, 1994 in de Jonge, 2005 and Leupen, 2006), the building can be stratified into six layers. Each has its own life-cycle and, consequently, a specific length of useful life. The layers are the following: site (earthworks), structure (load-bearing elements), skin (covering and projecting membrane), services (heart), space plan and stuff. Leupen added another category that is the access system (stairs, corridors, galleries and lifts), such as are found in large residential buildings. The life span of the building structure that includes, for example, foundation and bearing elements, ranges from 30 to 300 years. The skin, that comprises all the elements of the exteriors, can be 20 years (even if motives related to fashion, technology and energy might influence the span). Space plan and the interiors can (exceptionally) reach 30 years (de Jonge, 2005). Life cycle of building elements can be clustered as follows: long-cycle more than 25 years (bearing structure); intermediate life-cycle between 15-25 years (installations, inbuilt, gutters/flats roof and envelope) and short life-cycle (finishes, interior decoration ICT and demotic) less than 15 years (de Jonge, 2005). Therefore, a renovation approach based, for example, on the entire substation of existing building envelope could extend life-cycle up to 25 years. However, to appraise the best solution a diagnosis has to be formulated for each case (Priemus, 2005). Such an action might lay in the building pathology that studies the causes of decay and collapse of buildings and building components (Gruis at al, 2006). Such initial investigation could be particularly true for envelope directed renovation that requires, for example, a diagnosis of the structural capacity of the block as a starting point for assessing potentials of transformation – the therapy. Diagnosis on the structural capacity of the block for envelope renovation has to be focused on the long-cycle elements, the bearing system, what in Dutch is called the “casco” structure (Leupen, 2006). CONCLUSIONS From the four sections presented in this chapter, five main considerations can be made. - Deprived European large housing estates built after World War II have common problems: the quality of the stock, asset management and residents. The urban layout, the number of people living there and their function on the housing market are relevant problems as well. - Despite theories and models developed by researchers to explain the process of change and decay of neighbourhoods, it has not been clarified jet how and where the process starts (Priemus, 2005). The Model of Housing Decline by Prak and Priemus (1984; 1986), is still valid and considered the most-all embracing (van Beckhoven et. El., 2005). 5 PRC Bouwcentrum International The Netherlands (2005) Sustainable Refurbishment of High-Rise Residential Buildings and Restructuring of Surrounding Areas, report for European housing ministers’ conference held in Prague, Czech republic,14 - 15 march 2005 8. B
Theoretical background Chapter 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Some authors mentioned the importance of neighbourhood image in explaining the process of decline (Heeger, Power and Wassenberg). A good image can stimulate social network again and be a trigger to for improvements as well (Power, 1997 in van Beckhoven et al, 2005). Therefore, image improvements should deserve a lot of attention. Amongst physical aspects, in fact, people look at the appearance, the built environment and neglect of buildings (Hortulanus, 1999 in van Beckhoven et al, 2005). - According to the OECD, there is a need for sustainable use of the building stock, where life-cycle extension is a key issue. Therefore, an integrated renovation should be approached as a “transformation (process) of the physical, functional, financial, architectural and ecological characteristics of a building product or project (product) to realize a comprehensive and useful extension of the life span” (Thomsen, 2001). - A renovation approach directed to the building envelope based on preserving the casco structure and substitute the façade could be seen as a strategy to give the building a “new youth”. Actually, as an extension of about 20-25 years being it based on substituting intermediate and short life-cycle elements. INTRODUCTION TO THE THIRD CHAPTER The third chapter deals with an introduction to the Italian and Dutch national contexts with respect to social housing, the social housing stock and the housing institutes charged with manage social housing. It provides an overview on the case of Rome, where the housing institute (ATER Roma) owns and manages most of the social housing stock of the city. Elements within the Dutch model that might be transferred to ATER are analyzed. Possible directions for improvements are investigated as a result of a comparison with the Dutch housing association’s model. 9. B
Page 1: INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR RENOVAT
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 7 and 8: The research set up Chapter 1 -----
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A Dutch case study. The Bijlmermeer
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Florijn Noord. An example of renova
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Laurentino38. Example of deprived s
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Physical measures for renovation of
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PHYSICAL ASPECTS (technical-functio
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Directed to PHYSICAL ASPECTS (funct
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Directed to the APPEARANCE FACADE 2
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Directed to the APPEARANCE STAIRWEL
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Directed to SOCIAL ASPECTS PHYSICAL
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Conclusions and recommendations. Ch
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A.A.V.V. (1997). The new Bijlmermee
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Leupen, B. (2006). Frame and generi
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Van Kempen, R., Murie, A., Tosics,
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intervention strategies for renovation of social housing estates

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