intervention strategies for renovation of social housing estates

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A Dutch case study. The Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam Zuidoost. Chapter 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- housing estates from the 1970s like Laurentino38 and Tor Bella Monaca), critical problems (on physical and socio – economic level), stigmatization (bad reputation often worsen by the media), renovation under implementation on both urban and building level. BIJLMERMEER URBAN LEVEL Main characteristics; Historical background; Groups of problems; Common physical solutions for building renovation CASE STUDY ‘F’ NEIGHBOURHOOD NEIGHBOURHOOD LEVEL Final plan; Overview on renovation; ‘F’ neighborhood Initial configuration; Renovation project; Tables FLORIJN NOORD BUILDING LEVEL However, the choice of the Bijlmermeer does not pretend to describe the Dutch approach to renovation, rather providing information on examples useful to explain some of the aspects characterizing renovation in the Netherlands. 5.1.1) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS The Bijlmermeer is a housing district realized between 1966 and 1973. It is placed on the Southeast borders of Amsterdam (Amsterdam Zuidoost). It is the most extreme and most wellknown case in the Netherlands (Wassenberg, 2006). It was designed as ‘a modern place in a park’ (Aalbers et. al., 2005) according to the principles of the CIAM-movement (“Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne”) to respond the enormous housing shortage of that period (see Chapter 1 and 2). All the concepts of modern living found their application in the Bijlmermeer: separation of functions (living, working, and recreation) and mobility, green and parking garages. The neighbourhood was designed emphasising collectivity, ‘social spaces would have compensated limitations of living in high-rise’ (Wassenberg, 2006). The Bijlmermeer in relation to the city centre of Amsterdam and the Southeast district (Zuidoost) 2. E URBAN LAYOUT
A Dutch case study. The Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam Zuidoost. Chapter 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The urban layout is based on an orthogonal grid. The network of raised streets and the housing blocks are located following such a scheme. Wide green areas with facilities (pedestrian routes, bicycle lanes, playgrounds, stretch of waters and canals) fill in the lots between the buildings. By means of this modern urban structure, the urban planners tough they would have attracted middle-low income families living in the city centre, at the time populated by low-income groups. Between 1968 and 1975, 13.000 dwellings were realized in 31 high-rise estates 1 (Wassenberg, 2006). The buildings are 10 storeys high. Most of them are shaped according to an hexagonal pattern for a length up to 400 meters. The bearing structure consists of parallel reinforced concrete partitions (walls and floors). In each block the same scheme is repeated: at the ground floor the entrances to the buildings (including elevators and staircases) and the storages for bicycles are located . On the first floor small housing units are located and an inner walkway running along the whole building. This path connects the block to the raised multi-storey parking garages. Bigger dwellings are located on the upper floors. All the gallery apartments, 300 to 500 each block, are structured on the so-called honeycomb pattern. Comparing to the standards of the time, the flats are spacious (100 to 125 m2 - up to five rooms), well-lit, furnished with luxury sanitary facilities and rationally organized. (see tables in the two next pages) However, despite of the optimistic beliefs of that time, problems arise soon after the completions of the works and multiplied over the following decades (Wassenberg, 2006). 1 For definition of large housing estates see Chapter 2, Section 2.1. 3. E BUILDING LAYOUT HOUSING LAYOUT
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INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR RENOVAT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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The research set up Chapter 1 -----
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Theoretical background Chapter 2 --
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Physical measures for renovation of
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PHYSICAL ASPECTS (technical-functio
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Directed to the APPEARANCE FACADE 2
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Directed to SOCIAL ASPECTS PHYSICAL
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Conclusions and recommendations. Ch
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A.A.V.V. (1997). The new Bijlmermee
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