Working and ageing - Cedefop - Europa
Working and ageing - Cedefop - Europa
Working and ageing - Cedefop - Europa
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<strong>Working</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>ageing</strong><br />
Guidance <strong>and</strong> counselling for mature learners<br />
organisational turnover are partly different from those behind voluntary<br />
retirement; whereas turnover is predicted by the degree of organisational<br />
commitment, retirement is predicted by work centrality <strong>and</strong> leisure activities<br />
(Adams <strong>and</strong> Beehr, 1998; Schmidt <strong>and</strong> Lee, 2008). The push <strong>and</strong> pull effects<br />
(Knuth <strong>and</strong> Kalina, 2002; Gruber <strong>and</strong> Wise, 1999) come into play: the<br />
alternative to leave the organisation must be sufficiently attractive, for instance<br />
by offering generous economical security (pull effects), or the direct or indirect<br />
pressure executed at the workplace to leave (push effects) must be strong<br />
enough to motivate the person to take the decision to leave.<br />
13.3. The case<br />
In 2006, the Swedish Armed Forces decided to launch a three-year project<br />
aiming at phasing out older officers with a competence profile that did not<br />
comply with current <strong>and</strong> future dem<strong>and</strong>s. At the same time, young soldiers<br />
<strong>and</strong> sailors would be recruited to positions where willingness to participate in<br />
international peacekeeping forces would be required. Transferring older<br />
officers to civilian jobs would be based on consent, without formally<br />
discharging them. Their military competence plus some supplementary<br />
education would make them attractive in civilian trades – this was the idea.<br />
The aims of the project were to arrive at balance in personnel quantity <strong>and</strong><br />
competences, <strong>and</strong> to recruit <strong>and</strong> wind up personnel concurrently.<br />
The project started with a test trial encompassing a few units, before it was<br />
extended to the entire organisation. Officers older than 38 were encouraged<br />
to apply to a programme with up to one yearʼs pay without job obligations <strong>and</strong><br />
access to supplementary education <strong>and</strong> a personal external job coach.<br />
Conditions included that the supervisor of the unit – the comm<strong>and</strong>ing officer<br />
– must approve, <strong>and</strong> that the applicant had to resign before joining the<br />
programme; this could not be revoked. Unlike many other armed forces<br />
internationally, the pension age for Swedish officers is the same as in the<br />
labour market at large. This means that the model applied could be also<br />
relevant to other areas of business where a company may wish to shrink the<br />
organisation <strong>and</strong> phase out older employees without firing anybody.<br />
The project ended in 2009. It was then changed to a permanent career<br />
switching programme, which is currently one of the tools employed by the<br />
army in its continued endeavours to rejuvenate the organisation.<br />
The aim of the present study, carried out in 2009, is to document the<br />
strengths <strong>and</strong> weaknesses of the project, <strong>and</strong> to identify the reasons why it