Invasive breast carcinoma - IARC

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Polyembryoma 9072/3 Non-gestational choriocarcinoma 9100/3 Mixed germ cell tumour (specify components) 9085/3 Biphasic or triphasic teratoma Immature teratoma 9080/3 Mature teratoma 9080/0 Solid Cystic Dermoid cyst 9084/0 Fetiform teratoma (homunculus) Monodermal teratoma and somatic-type tumours associated with dermoid cysts Thyroid tumour group Struma ovarii Benign 9090/0 Malignant (specify type) 9090/3 Carcinoid group Insular 8240/3 Trabecular 8240/3 Mucinous 8243/3 Strumal carcinoid 9091/1 Mixed Neuroectodermal tumour group Ependymoma 9391/3 Primitive neuroectodermal tumour 9473/3 Medulloepithelioma 9501/3 Glioblastoma multiforme 9440/3 Others Carcinoma group Squamous cell carcinoma 8070/3 Adenocarcinoma 8140/3 Others Melanocytic group Malignant melanoma 8720/3 Melanocytic naevus 8720/0 Sarcoma group (specify type) Sebaceous tumour group Sebaceous adenoma 8410/0 Sebaceous carcinoma 8410/3 Pituitary-type tumour group Retinal anlage tumour group 9363/0 Others Germ cell sex cord-stromal tumours Gonadoblastoma 9073/1 Variant with malignant germ cell tumour Mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumour Variant with malignant germ cell tumour Tumours of the rete ovarii Adenocarcinoma 9110/3 Adenoma 9110/0 Cystadenoma Cystadenofibroma Miscellaneous tumours Small cell carcinoma, hypercalcaemic type 8041/3 Small cell carcinoma, pulmonary type 8041/3 Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma 8013/3 Hepatoid carcinoma 8576/3 Primary ovarian mesothelioma 9050/3 Wilms tumour 8960/3 Gestational choriocarcinoma 9100/3 Hydatidiform mole 9100/0 Adenoid cystic carcinoma 8200/3 Basal cell tumour 8090/1 Ovarian wolffian tumour 9110/1 Paraganglioma 8693/1 Myxoma 8840/0 Soft tissue tumours not specific to the ovary Others Tumour-like conditions Luteoma of pregnancy Stromal hyperthecosis Stromal hyperplasia Fibromatosis Massive ovarian oedema Others Lymphoid and haematopoetic tumours Malignant lymphoma (specify type) Leukaemia (specify type) Plasmacytoma 9734/3 Secondary tumours _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Morphology code of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) {921} and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (http://snomed.org). Behaviour is coded /0 for benign tumours, /3 for malignant tumours, and /1 for borderline or uncertain behaviour. WHO histological classification of tumours of the peritoneum Peritoneal tumours Mesothelial tumours Diffuse malignant mesothelioma 9050/3 Well differentiated papillary mesothelioma 9052/0 Multicystic mesothelioma 9055/1 Adenomatoid tumour 9054/0 Smooth muscle tumour Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata Tumour of uncertain origin Desmoplastic small round cell tumour 8806/3 Epithelial tumours Primary peritoneal serous adenocarcinoma 8461/3 Primary peritoneal borderline tumour (specify type) Others _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Morphology code of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) {921} and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (http://snomed.org). Behaviour is coded /0 for benign tumours, /3 for malignant tumours, and /1 for borderline or uncertain behaviour. 115
TNM and FIGO classification of tumours of the ovary TNM and FIGO classification 1,2,3 T – Primary Tumour TNM Categories FIGO S t a g e s TX Primary tumour cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumour T1 I Tumour limited to the ovaries T1a IA Tumour limited to one ovary; capsule intact, no tumour on ovarian surface; no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings T1b IB Tumour limited to both ovaries; capsule intact, no tumour on ovarian surface; no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings T1c IC Tumour limited to one or both ovaries with any of the following: capsule ruptured, tumour on ovarian surface, malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings T2 II Tumour involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension T2a IIA Extension and/or implants on uterus and/or tube(s); no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings T2b IIB Extension to other pelvic tissues; no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings T2c IIC Pelvic extension (2a or 2b) with malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings T3 and/or N1 III Tumour involves one or both ovaries with microscopically confirmed peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and/or regional lymph node metastasis T3a IIIA Microscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis T3b IIIB Macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension T3c and/or N1 IIIC Peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis more than 2 cm in greatest dimension and/or regional lymph node metastasis M1 IV Distant metastasis (excludes peritoneal metastasis) Note: Liver capsule metastasis is T3/stage III, liver parenchymal metastasis M1/stage IV. Pleural effusion must have positive cytology for M1/stage IV. N – Regional Lymph Nodes 4 NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Regional lymph node metastasis M – Distant Metastasis MX Distant metastasis cannot be assessed M0 No distant metastasis M1 Distant metastasis Stage Grouping Stage IA T1a N0 M0 Stage IB T1b N0 M0 Stage IC T1c N0 M0 Stage IIA T2a N0 M0 Stage IIB T2b N0 M0 Stage IIC T2c N0 M0 Stage IIIA T3a N0 M0 Stage IIIB T3b N0 M0 Stage IIIC T3c N0 M0 Any T N1 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1 __________ 1 {51,2976}. 2 A help desk for specific questions about the TNM classification is available at http://tnm.uicc.org. 3 The classification applies to malignant surface epithelial-stromal tumours including those of borderline malignancy. Non-epithelial ovarian cancers may also be classified using this scheme. 4 The regional lymph nodes are the hypogastric (obturator), common iliac, external iliac, lateral sacral, para-aortic, and inguinal nodes. 116 Tumours of the ovary and peritoneum
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Previous volumes in this series Kle
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World Health Organization Classific
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Published by IARC Press, Internatio
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CHAPTER 1 Tumours of the Breast Can
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TNM classification of carcinomas of
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Invasive breast carcinoma I.O. Elli
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Rapid growth and greater adult heig
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tives, administrative and clerical
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Grade 1 - well differentiated: 3-5
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ent and this is occasionally extens
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Most melanotic tumours of the breas
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A Fig. 1.22 A Classic invasive lobu
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yet others at 90% {97,2147}. For pr
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Fig. 1.27 Medullary carcinoma. The
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myoepithelial cells in fibro a d e
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A Fig. 1.33 Neuroendocrine carcinom
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Macroscopy Fisher et al. reported t
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Fig. 1.39 Apocrine carcinoma. Note
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cells contain intracytoplasmic lume
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A Fig. 1.50 Carcinosarcoma. A Two a
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A B C Fig. 1.75 Lobular neoplasia.
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Intraductal proliferative lesions F
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A B absence of either microcalcific
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Fig. 1.83 Atypical ductal hyperplas
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A B Fig. 1.88 Large excision biopsy
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unusual variants as well. Using thi
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esemble those identified in invasiv
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A B Fig. 1.97 Microinvasive carcino
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A Papilloma may be subject to morph
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A B C Fig. 1.103 Papillary intraduc
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colour measuring from 0.5 to 12 cm.
Page 66 and 67: Immunoprofile The cases studied by
Page 68 and 69: Glycogen-rich, clear cell carcinoma
Page 70 and 71: Differential diagnosis There may be
Page 72 and 73: quality metaphase spreads from an i
Page 74 and 75: Fig. 1.67 Lobular carcinoma of brea
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Page 78 and 79: detected at a late stage as small t
Page 80 and 81: Extent of ductal carcinoma in situ
Page 82 and 83: Benign epithelial proliferations G.
Page 84 and 85: Fig. 1.112 Microglandular adenosis.
Page 86 and 87: A Apocrine adenoma ICD-O code 8401/
Page 88 and 89: A B Fig. 1.128 Adenomyoepithelioma,
Page 90 and 91: Mesenchymal tumours M. Drijkoningen
Page 92 and 93: 1113,1275}. There is a complex patt
Page 94 and 95: A B Fig. 1.137 A Lipoma. Intraparen
Page 96 and 97: Fig. 1.141 Angiosarcoma after breas
Page 98 and 99: A Fig. 1.144 Mammary osteosarcoma.
Page 100 and 101: Fibroepithelial tumours J.P. Belloc
Page 102 and 103: aged women (average age of presenta
Page 104 and 105: lished data suggests a 21% rate of
Page 106 and 107: A Fig. 1.157 Syringomatous adenoma
Page 108 and 109: Malignant lymphoma and metastatic t
Page 110 and 111: used. Inflammatory conditions in th
Page 112 and 113: male population both in the USA and
Page 114 and 115: CHAPTER 2 Tumours of the Ovary and
Page 118 and 119: Surface epithelial-stromal tumours
Page 120 and 121: A Fig. 2.04 A Serous borderline tum
Page 122 and 123: A Fig. 2.06 Serous borderline tumou
Page 124 and 125: A Fig. 2.10 Invasive peritoneal imp
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 2.15 Mucinous carcinoma with i
Page 128 and 129: Fig. 2.20 Mucinous endocervical-lik
Page 130 and 131: A Fig. 2.28 Mucinous cystic tumour
Page 132 and 133: early secretory endometrium {2605}.
Page 134 and 135: IV, 6% {2233}. Patients with grade
Page 136 and 137: A Fig. 2.37 A This polypoid intracy
Page 138 and 139: Fig. 2.40 Endometrioid cyst with at
Page 140 and 141: 1 tumours are extremely rare. Almos
Page 142 and 143: Fig. 2.50 Borderline Brenner tumour
Page 144 and 145: express thrombomodulin and have bee
Page 146 and 147: serous and transitional cell carcin
Page 148 and 149: is yellow to tan with a variable ad
Page 150 and 151: Genetic susceptibility JGCTs may pr
Page 152 and 153: Clinical features F i b romas may b
Page 154 and 155: distinguishes this tumour from the
Page 156 and 157: A Fig. 2.77 A Retiform Sertoli-Leyd
Page 158 and 159: Mean ages of 21 and 38 years and me
Page 160 and 161: Tumours unassociated with PJS form
Page 162 and 163: mal origin without crystals of Rein
Page 164 and 165: Germ cell tumours F. Nogales A. Tal
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cases, anisokaryosis has no prognos
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ation may coexist in the same neopl
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Table 2.06 Grading of ovarian immat
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A B Fig. 2.102 A Mature cystic tera
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Diagnostic procedures Elevated urin
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associated with mature teratomas sh
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atives intimately admixed. The germ
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Fig. 2.113 Mixed germ cell-sex cord
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A Fig. 2.116 A Adenomatous hyperpla
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Fig. 2.117 Small cell carcinoma, hy
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Clinical features Adenoid cystic-li
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Histopathology This epithelial tumo
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sis. Corpus luteum of pregnancy has
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Lymphomas and leukaemias L.M. Roth
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Secondary tumours of the ovary J. P
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Occasionally, the colonic adenocarc
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Peritoneal tumours S.C. Mok J.O. Sc
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A B Fig. 2.140 Cystic adenomatoid m
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whelmingly poor {1038,1547,2310}. H
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CHAPTER 3 Tumours of the Fallopian
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TNM and FIGO classification of carc
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Endometrioid adenocarcinoma Endomet
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Two examples of adenofibroma of bor
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A Fig. 3.11 Adenomatoid tumour. A T
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Clinical features Patients range in
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Fig. 3.16 Uterus-like mass. The cys
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CHAPTER 4 Tumours of the Uterine Co
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TNM and FIGO classification of non-
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Epithelial tumours and related lesi
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endometrioid adenocarcinoma fro m a
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fers from the prototypical type I e
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the ovary and bladder. Unlike prima
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schema {1535,2602}. Although this c
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Table 4.03 Altered gene function in
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Mesenchymal tumours and related les
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areas are limited to less than 30%
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A B C Fig. 4.30 Leiomyosarcoma. A T
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e used sparingly and is reserved fo
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A B Fig. 4.38 Leiomyoma with perino
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cytological atypia, tumour cell nec
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Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tu
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Prognosis and predictive factors Th
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tumours may superficially invade th
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A Fig. 4.46 A Gestational choriocar
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A Fig. 4.49 A Classic complete hyda
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Sex cord-like, neuroectodermal and
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Secondary tumours of the uterine co
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WHO histological classification of
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Epithelial tumours M. Wells J.M. Ne
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Fig. 5.04 Mechanisms of human papil
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Fig. 5.08 Keratinizing squamous cel
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in their Asian population {2957}. I
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have a strong association with high
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e red by squamous epithelium {380}.
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endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the
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metrial epithelium. In some cases t
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with distinct cell borders and a gr
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Mesenchymal tumours M.L. Carcangiu
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{781}, liposarcoma {2840,3016}, ost
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Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tu
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Fig. 5.44 Wilms tumour. The tumour
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A Fig. 5.47 Implant of endometrial
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CHAPTER 6 Tumours of the Vagina Alt
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Epithelial tumours E.S. Andersen A.
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Aetiology The fact that both VAIN a
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Fig. 6.10 Fibroepithelial polyp.A m
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er of mitoses varies but is usually
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ICD-O codes Adenosquamous carcinoma
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A C Fig. 6.17 Sarcoma botryoides. A
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1-11 cm. They may arise anywhere in
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elsewhere in the female genital tra
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A Fig. 6.24 Yolk sac tumour. A The
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g rowing in sheets. Some may have s
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WHO histological classification of
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Epithelial tumours E.J. Wilkinson M
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even with additional sectioning, it
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type) is a highly diff e rentiated
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Clinical features Bartholin gland c
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glandular elements surrounded by fi
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Mesenchymal tumours R.L. Kempson M.
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Table 7.03 Differential diagnosis o
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Prognosis and predictive factors A
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Table 7.04 Clark levels of cutaneou
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A Fig. 7.23 Vulvar peripheral primi
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Familial aggregation of cancers of
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BRCA1 syndrome Definition Inherited
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dispose individuals to the developm
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Fig. 8.05 To assess whether wild-ty
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Fig. 8.07 Factors that modify risk
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BRCA2 syndrome R. Eeles S. Piver S.
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tubal or ovarian carcinomas. Howeve
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in typical nuclear foci that may re
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Breast tumours Frequency Breast can
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Fig. 8.14 Codon distribution of som
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Breast tumours Age distribution and
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Hereditary non-polyposis colon canc
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essary in the evaluation of the pat
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Age distribution and penetrance Mos
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Contributors Dr Vera M. ABELER** De
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Dr Carlo LA VECCHIA Laboratory of E
Page 366 and 367:
Dr Manuel TEIXEIRA Department of Ge
Page 368 and 369:
02.100 Dr. A. Ostor 02.101 Dr. F.A.
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52. Akhtar M, Robinson C, Ashraf Al
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180. Bapat K, Brustein S (1989). Ut
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307. Bolis GB, Maccio T (2000). Cle
Page 376 and 377:
436. Chang J, Sharpe JC, A'Hern RP,
Page 378 and 379:
562. Costa MJ, Ames PF, Walls J, Ro
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689. Di Domenico A, Stangl F, Benni
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820. Falck J, Petrini JH, Williams
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943. Gad A, Azzopardi JG (1975). Lo
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1067. Grimes MM (1992). Cystosarcom
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1197. Herod JJ, Shafi MI, Rollason
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1323. Jacques SM, Qureshi F, Ramire
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1449. Khalifa MA, Mannel RS, Harawa
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1564. Lagios MD (1977). Multicentri
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1687. Loman N, Johannsson O, Kristo
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1807. McCluggage G, McBride H, Maxw
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1937. Mukai M, Torikata C, Iri H (1
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2056. Norris HJ, Taylor HB (1967).
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2180. Park JS, Jones RW, McLean MR,
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2304. Puls LE, Hamous J, Morrow MS,
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2 4 3 4 . Rosen PP, Groshen S, Saig
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2559. Schlesinger C, Silverberg SG
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2686. Silverberg SG (1999). Protoco
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2806. Stutz JA, Evans AJ, Pinder S,
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2942. Tornos C, Silva EG, Ordonez N
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3061. Wargotz ES, Norris HJ (1990).
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3189. Yoshioka T, Tanaka T (2000).
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References 425
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Biphasic teratomas, 168 BLM, 341, 3
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G GADD45, 343, 353 GCDFP-15, 25, 33
Page 428 and 429:
MPNST, see Malignant peripheral ner
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Small cell / oat cell carcinoma, 32
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Invasive breast carcinoma - IARC

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