Invasive breast carcinoma - IARC

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CHAPTER 3 Tumours of the Fallopian Tube and Uterine Ligaments Tumours of the fallopian tube are much less common than the corresponding ovarian neoplasms; however, histologically the same surface epithelial-stromal tumour subtypes are recognized. Sex cord-stromal and germ cell tumours are rare. H y d a t i d i f o rm moles and gestational choriocarcinoma are uncommon complications of tubal ectopic pregnancy. The wolffian adnexal tumour is also infrequent and typically occurs in the leaves of the broad ligament. The risk factors appear similar to those of the ovary. Fallopian tube carcinomas are a component of the hereditary breastovarian cancer syndrome caused by BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations.
WHO histological classification of tumours of the fallopian tube Epithelial tumours Malignant Serous adenocarcinoma 8441 / 3 1 Mucinous adenocarcinoma 8480/3 Endometrioid adenocarcinoma 8380/3 Clear cell adenocarcinoma 8310/3 Transitional cell carcinoma 8120/3 Squamous cell carcinoma 8070/3 Undifferentiated carcinoma 8020/3 Others Borderline tumour (of low malignant potential) Serous borderline tumour 8442/1 Mucinous borderline tumour 8472/1 Endometrioid borderline tumour 8380/1 Others Carcinoma in situ (specify type) Benign tumours Papilloma (specify type) Cystadenoma (specify type) Adenofibroma (specify type) Cystadenofibroma (specify type) Metaplastic papillary tumour Endometrioid polyp Others Tumour-like epithelial lesions Tubal epithelial hyperplasia Salpingitis isthmica nodosa Endosalpingiosis Soft tissue tumours Leiomyosarcoma 8890/3 Leiomyoma 8890/0 Others Mesothelial tumours Adenomatoid tumour 9054/0 Germ cell tumours Teratoma Mature 9080/0 Immature 9080/3 Others Trophoblastic disease Choriocarcinoma 9100/3 Placental site trophoblastic tumour 9104/1 Hydatidiform mole 9100/0 Placental site nodule Others Lymphoid and haematopoetic tumours Malignant lymphoma Leukaemia Secondary tumours Mixed epithelial-mesenchymal tumours Malignant müllerian mixed tumour 8950/3 (carcinosarcoma; metaplastic carcinoma) Adenosarcoma 8933/3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Morphology code of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) {921} and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (http://snomed.org). Behaviour is coded /0 for benign tumours, /3 for malignant tumours, and /1 for borderline or uncertain behaviour. WHO histological classification of tumours of the broad ligament and other uterine ligaments Epithelial tumours of müllerian type Serous adenocarcinoma 8460/3 Endometrioid adenocarcinoma 8380/3 Mucinous adenocarcinoma 8480/3 Clear cell adenocarcinoma 8310/3 Borderline tumour (of low malignant potential), (specify type) Adenoma and cystadenoma (specify type) Miscellaneous tumours Wolffian adnexal tumour 9110/1 Ependymona 9391/3 Papillary cystadenoma (with von-Hippel-Lindau disease) 8450/0 Uterus-like mass Adenosarcoma 8933/3 Others Mesenchymal tumours Malignant Benign Secondary tumours _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Morphology code of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) {921} and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (http://snomed.org). Behaviour is coded /0 for benign tumours, /3 for malignant tumours, and /1 for borderline or uncertain behaviour. 204 Tumours of the fallopian tube and uterine ligaments
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Previous volumes in this series Kle
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World Health Organization Classific
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Published by IARC Press, Internatio
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CHAPTER 1 Tumours of the Breast Can
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TNM classification of carcinomas of
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Invasive breast carcinoma I.O. Elli
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Rapid growth and greater adult heig
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tives, administrative and clerical
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Grade 1 - well differentiated: 3-5
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ent and this is occasionally extens
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Most melanotic tumours of the breas
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A Fig. 1.22 A Classic invasive lobu
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yet others at 90% {97,2147}. For pr
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Fig. 1.27 Medullary carcinoma. The
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myoepithelial cells in fibro a d e
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A Fig. 1.33 Neuroendocrine carcinom
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Macroscopy Fisher et al. reported t
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Fig. 1.39 Apocrine carcinoma. Note
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cells contain intracytoplasmic lume
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A Fig. 1.50 Carcinosarcoma. A Two a
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A B C Fig. 1.75 Lobular neoplasia.
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Intraductal proliferative lesions F
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A B absence of either microcalcific
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Fig. 1.83 Atypical ductal hyperplas
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A B Fig. 1.88 Large excision biopsy
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unusual variants as well. Using thi
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esemble those identified in invasiv
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A B Fig. 1.97 Microinvasive carcino
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A Papilloma may be subject to morph
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A B C Fig. 1.103 Papillary intraduc
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colour measuring from 0.5 to 12 cm.
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Immunoprofile The cases studied by
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Glycogen-rich, clear cell carcinoma
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Differential diagnosis There may be
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quality metaphase spreads from an i
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Fig. 1.67 Lobular carcinoma of brea
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detectable distant metastasis displ
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detected at a late stage as small t
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Extent of ductal carcinoma in situ
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Benign epithelial proliferations G.
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Fig. 1.112 Microglandular adenosis.
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A Apocrine adenoma ICD-O code 8401/
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A B Fig. 1.128 Adenomyoepithelioma,
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Mesenchymal tumours M. Drijkoningen
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1113,1275}. There is a complex patt
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A B Fig. 1.137 A Lipoma. Intraparen
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Fig. 1.141 Angiosarcoma after breas
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A Fig. 1.144 Mammary osteosarcoma.
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Fibroepithelial tumours J.P. Belloc
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aged women (average age of presenta
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lished data suggests a 21% rate of
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A Fig. 1.157 Syringomatous adenoma
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Malignant lymphoma and metastatic t
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used. Inflammatory conditions in th
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male population both in the USA and
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CHAPTER 2 Tumours of the Ovary and
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Polyembryoma 9072/3 Non-gestational
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Surface epithelial-stromal tumours
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A Fig. 2.04 A Serous borderline tum
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A Fig. 2.06 Serous borderline tumou
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A Fig. 2.10 Invasive peritoneal imp
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Fig. 2.15 Mucinous carcinoma with i
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Fig. 2.20 Mucinous endocervical-lik
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A Fig. 2.28 Mucinous cystic tumour
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early secretory endometrium {2605}.
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IV, 6% {2233}. Patients with grade
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A Fig. 2.37 A This polypoid intracy
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Fig. 2.40 Endometrioid cyst with at
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1 tumours are extremely rare. Almos
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Fig. 2.50 Borderline Brenner tumour
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express thrombomodulin and have bee
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serous and transitional cell carcin
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is yellow to tan with a variable ad
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Genetic susceptibility JGCTs may pr
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Clinical features F i b romas may b
Page 154 and 155: distinguishes this tumour from the
Page 156 and 157: A Fig. 2.77 A Retiform Sertoli-Leyd
Page 158 and 159: Mean ages of 21 and 38 years and me
Page 160 and 161: Tumours unassociated with PJS form
Page 162 and 163: mal origin without crystals of Rein
Page 164 and 165: Germ cell tumours F. Nogales A. Tal
Page 166 and 167: cases, anisokaryosis has no prognos
Page 168 and 169: ation may coexist in the same neopl
Page 170 and 171: Table 2.06 Grading of ovarian immat
Page 172 and 173: A B Fig. 2.102 A Mature cystic tera
Page 174 and 175: Diagnostic procedures Elevated urin
Page 176 and 177: associated with mature teratomas sh
Page 178 and 179: atives intimately admixed. The germ
Page 180 and 181: Fig. 2.113 Mixed germ cell-sex cord
Page 182 and 183: A Fig. 2.116 A Adenomatous hyperpla
Page 184 and 185: Fig. 2.117 Small cell carcinoma, hy
Page 186 and 187: Clinical features Adenoid cystic-li
Page 188 and 189: Histopathology This epithelial tumo
Page 190 and 191: sis. Corpus luteum of pregnancy has
Page 192 and 193: Lymphomas and leukaemias L.M. Roth
Page 194 and 195: Secondary tumours of the ovary J. P
Page 196 and 197: Occasionally, the colonic adenocarc
Page 198 and 199: Peritoneal tumours S.C. Mok J.O. Sc
Page 200 and 201: A B Fig. 2.140 Cystic adenomatoid m
Page 202 and 203: whelmingly poor {1038,1547,2310}. H
Page 206 and 207: TNM and FIGO classification of carc
Page 208 and 209: Endometrioid adenocarcinoma Endomet
Page 210 and 211: Two examples of adenofibroma of bor
Page 212 and 213: A Fig. 3.11 Adenomatoid tumour. A T
Page 214 and 215: Clinical features Patients range in
Page 216 and 217: Fig. 3.16 Uterus-like mass. The cys
Page 218 and 219: CHAPTER 4 Tumours of the Uterine Co
Page 220 and 221: TNM and FIGO classification of non-
Page 222 and 223: Epithelial tumours and related lesi
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Page 226 and 227: fers from the prototypical type I e
Page 228 and 229: the ovary and bladder. Unlike prima
Page 230 and 231: schema {1535,2602}. Although this c
Page 232 and 233: Table 4.03 Altered gene function in
Page 234 and 235: Mesenchymal tumours and related les
Page 236 and 237: areas are limited to less than 30%
Page 238 and 239: A B C Fig. 4.30 Leiomyosarcoma. A T
Page 240 and 241: e used sparingly and is reserved fo
Page 242 and 243: A B Fig. 4.38 Leiomyoma with perino
Page 244 and 245: cytological atypia, tumour cell nec
Page 246 and 247: Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tu
Page 248 and 249: Prognosis and predictive factors Th
Page 250 and 251: tumours may superficially invade th
Page 252 and 253: A Fig. 4.46 A Gestational choriocar
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A Fig. 4.49 A Classic complete hyda
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Sex cord-like, neuroectodermal and
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Secondary tumours of the uterine co
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WHO histological classification of
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Epithelial tumours M. Wells J.M. Ne
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Fig. 5.04 Mechanisms of human papil
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Fig. 5.08 Keratinizing squamous cel
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in their Asian population {2957}. I
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have a strong association with high
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e red by squamous epithelium {380}.
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endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the
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metrial epithelium. In some cases t
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with distinct cell borders and a gr
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Mesenchymal tumours M.L. Carcangiu
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{781}, liposarcoma {2840,3016}, ost
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Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tu
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Fig. 5.44 Wilms tumour. The tumour
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A Fig. 5.47 Implant of endometrial
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CHAPTER 6 Tumours of the Vagina Alt
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Epithelial tumours E.S. Andersen A.
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Aetiology The fact that both VAIN a
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Fig. 6.10 Fibroepithelial polyp.A m
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er of mitoses varies but is usually
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ICD-O codes Adenosquamous carcinoma
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A C Fig. 6.17 Sarcoma botryoides. A
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1-11 cm. They may arise anywhere in
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elsewhere in the female genital tra
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A Fig. 6.24 Yolk sac tumour. A The
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g rowing in sheets. Some may have s
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WHO histological classification of
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Epithelial tumours E.J. Wilkinson M
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even with additional sectioning, it
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type) is a highly diff e rentiated
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Clinical features Bartholin gland c
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glandular elements surrounded by fi
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Mesenchymal tumours R.L. Kempson M.
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Table 7.03 Differential diagnosis o
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Prognosis and predictive factors A
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Table 7.04 Clark levels of cutaneou
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A Fig. 7.23 Vulvar peripheral primi
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Familial aggregation of cancers of
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BRCA1 syndrome Definition Inherited
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dispose individuals to the developm
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Fig. 8.05 To assess whether wild-ty
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Fig. 8.07 Factors that modify risk
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BRCA2 syndrome R. Eeles S. Piver S.
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tubal or ovarian carcinomas. Howeve
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in typical nuclear foci that may re
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Breast tumours Frequency Breast can
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Fig. 8.14 Codon distribution of som
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Breast tumours Age distribution and
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Hereditary non-polyposis colon canc
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essary in the evaluation of the pat
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Age distribution and penetrance Mos
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Contributors Dr Vera M. ABELER** De
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Dr Carlo LA VECCHIA Laboratory of E
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Dr Manuel TEIXEIRA Department of Ge
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02.100 Dr. A. Ostor 02.101 Dr. F.A.
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52. Akhtar M, Robinson C, Ashraf Al
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180. Bapat K, Brustein S (1989). Ut
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307. Bolis GB, Maccio T (2000). Cle
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436. Chang J, Sharpe JC, A'Hern RP,
Page 378 and 379:
562. Costa MJ, Ames PF, Walls J, Ro
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689. Di Domenico A, Stangl F, Benni
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820. Falck J, Petrini JH, Williams
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943. Gad A, Azzopardi JG (1975). Lo
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1067. Grimes MM (1992). Cystosarcom
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1197. Herod JJ, Shafi MI, Rollason
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1323. Jacques SM, Qureshi F, Ramire
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1449. Khalifa MA, Mannel RS, Harawa
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1564. Lagios MD (1977). Multicentri
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1687. Loman N, Johannsson O, Kristo
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1807. McCluggage G, McBride H, Maxw
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1937. Mukai M, Torikata C, Iri H (1
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2056. Norris HJ, Taylor HB (1967).
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2180. Park JS, Jones RW, McLean MR,
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2304. Puls LE, Hamous J, Morrow MS,
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2 4 3 4 . Rosen PP, Groshen S, Saig
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2559. Schlesinger C, Silverberg SG
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2686. Silverberg SG (1999). Protoco
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2806. Stutz JA, Evans AJ, Pinder S,
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2942. Tornos C, Silva EG, Ordonez N
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3061. Wargotz ES, Norris HJ (1990).
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3189. Yoshioka T, Tanaka T (2000).
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References 425
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Biphasic teratomas, 168 BLM, 341, 3
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G GADD45, 343, 353 GCDFP-15, 25, 33
Page 428 and 429:
MPNST, see Malignant peripheral ner
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Small cell / oat cell carcinoma, 32
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