Invasive breast carcinoma - IARC

genic effects, have been re p o rt e d .
Several cases of steroid cell tumour with
possible origin from accessory ovaries
or adre n o c o rtical remnants have been
described {38,2462,2538,2996}. Thre e
p h a e o c h romocytomas, two that caused
h y p e rtension and elevated vanillylmandelic
acid levels and one non-functional
tumour {54,58,122}, and a carc i n o i d
{1325} have been described.
Secondary tumours
A
B
Fig. 3.17 Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma. A Viewed posteriorly, an exophytic, congested, multinodular
mass resembling placental tissue arises from the right cornual region of the uterus and extends laterally.
B In the extrauterine component, a cotyledonoid process composed of smooth muscle is covered by connective
tissue containing congested vessels.
Any type of malignant tumour originating
from the uterus, its adnexae, other
sites within the abdomen or from any
other organ of the body may spread to
the uterine ligaments by direct extension,
lymphatics or blood vessels. In
p a rt i c u l a r, intravenous leiomyomatosis
{523, 1122,1940,2051}, diffuse uterine
leiomyomatosis {2394} and endometrial
s t romal sarcoma from the uterus may
p resent as a mass within the broad ligament.
Although it is far more common to
s p read to the broad ligament from the
uterus, intravenous leiomyoma may
exceptionally arise in the broad ligament
{1154}. Cotyledonoid dissecting
leiomyoma, the Sternberg tumour, is an
unusual benign uterine smooth muscle
neoplasm that spreads to the broad ligament
{2470}. It is characterized by dissecting
growth within the uterus, degenerative
changes and a rich vascular
component but does not have intravascular
extension.
216 Tumours of the fallopian tube and uterine ligaments