Biphasic teratomas, 168 BLM, 341, 342 Bloom syndrome, 349 Blue naevus, 287, 288, 308, 309, 331, 332 Blunt duct adenosis, 82 BMPR1A, type 1A receptor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) 357 Body mass index, 111 Borderline Brenner tumour, 140, 142 Borderline clear cell adenofibromas with intraepithelial <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 139 Borderline clear cell adenofibromatous tumour, 139 Borderline mixed epithelial tumour, 144 Bowenoid papulosis, 319, 320 BRAF, 120 BRCA1, 14, 20, 29, 53- 56, 118, 120, 202, 207, 208, 337- 348, 350, 351, 353, 354, 362 BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex, 341, 342 BRCA2, 20, 29, 53-56, 112, 118, 133, 207, 208, 337- 351, 354 Brenner tumour, 140-145, 172, 190, 196, 212 Brenner tumour of low malignant potential, 142 BRUSH-1, 112 BTAK /aurora2 /STK15, centrosomeassociated serine/threonine kinase, 51 Burkitt lymphoma, 107, 108, 191, 196 C CA125, 109, 119, 130, 138, 141, 180, 181, 184, 202, 272, 322, 340, 341, 347, 348 CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, 109 Call-Exner bodies, 131, 145, 147, 177 Calponin, 45, 75, 86, 91, 243 Calretinin, 119, 147, 157, 180, 185, 198, 213, 244, 255, 275 Cambium layer, 230, 283, 297, 302, 303 Carcinoembryonic antigen, 106, 138, 164, 187, 224, 272, 276, 322, 332 Carcinofibroma, 245, 248 Carcinoid, 171, 172, 196, 277, 279, 301 Carcinoid syndrome, 172 Carcinoma adenoides cysticum, 44 Carcinoma of the male <strong>breast</strong>, 110 Carcinoma with chorio<strong>carcinoma</strong>tous features, 22 Carcinoma with melanotic features, 22 426 Subject Index Carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells, 21 Carcinosarcoma, 37, 40, 127, 133, 174, 230, 236, 245-247, 255, 284, 285, 306, 347 CCND1, 51, 59, 72, 73 CD10, 108, 109, 135, 180, 187, 213, 233, 235, 240, 243, 248, 275 CD30, 108, 166, 167 CD31, 91, 95, 269, 282 CD34, 91, 92, 95, 269, 282, 307, 327 CD68, 22, 91, 98, 161, 192, 196, 311 CD99, 92, 147, 157, 174, 183, 188, 234, 255, 307, 309, 334 CD117, 164 Cdc25A, 354 Cdc25C, 354 CDH1, 53 CDKN2A, 52 CEA, 164, 341, 348 Cellular angiofibroma, 327, 329, 330 Cellular fibroma, 149-151 Cellular leiomyoma, 235, 236, 239, 240 Cellular variant, blue naevus, 308, 309 Central papilloma, 76-78 C-erbB, 250, 266 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 63, 262, 264-273, 276, 279, 294, 295, 319 Charcot-Böttcher filaments, 157 CHEK2, 350, 351, 353, 354, 362 Chloroacetate esterase, 196, 311 Chloroma, 192, 196, 311 Chondrolipoma, 94 Chorio<strong>carcinoma</strong>, 168, 186, 210, 250- 252, 311 Chorionic gonadotrophin, 22 Chromogranin A, 30 Chromosomal double-strand breaks, 342 Chymotrypsin, 45 Ciliated cell variant, endometrioid adeno<strong>carcinoma</strong>, 221, 224 CIN, s e e Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia c-Jun, 352 CK 5,6, 61, 92 CK14, 86 CK34BE12, 38, 61, 65 CK5, 38, 65, 86 CK5/6, 38 CK7, 38, 226, 227 C-kit, 164 Clear cell adenocarcinofibroma, 137 Clear cell adeno<strong>carcinoma</strong>, 137-139, 188, 195, 206, 207, 212, 221, 223- 226, 272, 274, 276, 297-300 Clear cell adenofibroma, 137, 139 Clear cell adenofibromatous tumour of borderline malignancy, 139 Clear cell <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 46, 137, 138, 160, 166, 196, 212, 228, 339 Clear cell cystadenofibroma, 137 Clear cell cystadenoma, 137 Clear cell hidradenoma, 46, 325 Clear cell leiomyoma, 241 Clinging <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 63, 66 c-Myc, 72, 266 Coagulative necrosis, 164 Cobblestone-like papules, 356 COL1A1/PDGFB, 327 Collagenous spherulosis, 44, 60, 78 Colloid <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 30, 272 Columnar cell mucinous <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 30, 31 Complete hydatidiform mole, 252-254 Complex (adenomatous) hyperplasia of the endometrium, 229 Complex sclerosing lesion, 27, 81-83 Condylomatous squamous cell <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 267 Congenital melanocytic naevus, 331, 332 Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma, 216, 241 Cowden syndrome, 232, 355 CSE1L/CAS, 51 CTNNB1 (beta-catenin), 131 Cushing syndrome, 160, 175 Cyclin D1, 51, 73, 338 Cylindromatous <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 44 CYP24, 51 Cystadeno<strong>carcinoma</strong>, 145 Cystic lymphangioma, 199 Cytokeratin 7, 25, 33, 45, 106, 109, 119, 129, 141, 147, 156, 195, 226, 268, 275 Cytokeratin 14, 45 Cytokeratin 20, 33, 119, 143, 187, 213, 226, 341, 348, Cytokeratin 34betaE12, 86, 187, 213 Cytokeratin AE1/AE3, 21, 47, 119, 161 Cytokeratin CAM5.2, 21, 119, 187 Cytotrophoblast, 164, 167, 168, 186, 251, 252 D DAM1, 50
DCIS, see Ductal <strong>carcinoma</strong> in situ 20, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 35, 60, 61, 63- 73, 75, 77-81, 101, 106, 112, 338, 346, 347, 356 Deciduoid mesothelioma, 197 Deep angiomyxoma, 304, 305, 327, 329, 330 Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 327 Dermoid cyst, 127, 129, 143, 163, 169- 175, 188, 196, 215, 287, 288, 310 DES, 274, 297, 298, 299 Desmoid tumour, 92 Desmoplastic small round cell tumour, 197, 200 Diethylstilbestrol, 274, 297 Diffuse angioma, 89 Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 108 Diffuse leiomyomatosis, 237, 241 Diffuse malignant mesothelioma, 197, 198 Diffuse peritoneal leiomyomatosis, 200 DIN, 63, 64, 66, 67 Dissecting leiomyoma, 241 Disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis, 128 DNA ploidy, 53, 54 Ductal adenoma, 77, 85 Ductal <strong>carcinoma</strong> in situ, 20, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 35, 40, 44, 58, 60, 61, 63- 75, 77-81, 101, 106, 112, 338, 346, 347, 356 Dysgerminoma, 138, 163-166, 168, 176- 179, 191, 196, 340 Dyskeratosis, 270 Dysplasia, 254, 269, 284, 294, 295, 319, 345 Dysplasia/<strong>carcinoma</strong>-in-situ, 269 Dysplastic melanocytic naevus, 331, 333 E E6, 262, 265, 318 E7, 262, 263 Early invasive adeno<strong>carcinoma</strong>, 272, 275 Early invasive squamous cell <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 268 EBV, see Epstein-Barr Virus E-cadherin, 24, 25, 29, 33, 53, 61, 62, 65, 71, 72, 112, 252 Ectopic decidua, 189, 198 EGFR, 27, 50, 58, 202, 250 EIN, 231, 232 EMA, see Epithelial membrane antigen Embryoid bodies, 167 Embryonal <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 163, 166-168 Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, 97, 211, 215, 248, 281, 302, 303, 326 EMK, 112 Enchondromatosis, 149 Encysted papillary <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 79 Endocervical polyp, 276, 277 Endocervical-like borderline tumour, 126, 127 Endocrine <strong>carcinoma</strong>, 32 Endodermal sinus tumour, 165, 288, 309, 333 Endometrial hyperplasia, 131, 132, 137, 146, 152, 187, 221, 222, 225, 228, 229, 231, 232, 359 Endometrial polyp, 209, 230, 245, 246, 249 Endometrial stromal nodule, 233-236 Endometrial stromal sarcoma, 149, 190, 196, 216, 233, 234, 245, 247, 281, 309 Endometrioid adeno<strong>carcinoma</strong>, 130, 143, 206, 207, 212, 221-226, 230, 232, 249, 272-275, 297, 300 Endometrioid borderline tumour, 130, 135, 136 Endometrioid polyp, 209 Endometrioid stromal sarcoma, 130, 134, 135, 147, 215, 235, 280, 281, 302, 303 Endometrioid tumour of borderline malignancy, 135 Endometrioid tumour of low malignant potential, 135 Endometriosis, 127, 130-137,143, 145, 180, 190, 195, 200, 210, 212, 215, 235, 281, 300, 303, 324 Endometriosis with smooth muscle metaplasia, 215 E n d o m e t roid yolk sac tumour, 1 6 6 Endomyometriosis, 215 Endosalpingiosis, 123, 210 Endosalpinx, 340, 347 Ependymoma, 171, 174, 212, 213 Epidermoid cyst, 144, 175 Epithelial membrane antigen, 21, 22, 43, 45, 91, 119, 131, 138, 147, 154, 156, 157, 161, 180, 182, 187, 200, 213, 255, 275, 332, Epithelioid leiomyoma, 236, 241 Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma, 238, 241, 252, 280, 281 Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour, 251, 252 Epitheliosis, 65, 104 Epstein-Barr virus, 17, 29, 108, 268, 311 ERß receptor, 58 ERBB2, 23, 25, 27, 29, 35, 48, 51, 53, 58-60, 66, 72, 73, 106, 112, 202, 338, 341, 346 ERBB3, 51, 202 ERBB4, 51, 202 Erosive adenomatosis, 104 Ewing tumour, 174, 200, 211, 244, 255, 309, 333, 334 EWS/FLI1, 174, 309, 334 EWS-WT1, 200, 201 Exaggerated placental site, 2 5 4 Exonic splicing enhancer, 350 Extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma, 108 F Factor VIII protein, 91 FANCA, 52 FANCD1, 346, 350 Fanconi anaemia, 342, 349, 350 Fanconi anaemia D2 protein, 342 Fetiform teratoma, 163, 170 FGFR1, 50, 59 FGFR2, 51 FHIT, 27, 52, 265 Fibroadenoma, 30, 81, 84, 90, 98, 99, 253 Fibrocystic disease, 355, 356 Fibroepithelial polyp, 271, 297, 302, 303, 320, 321, 329, 330 Fibroma, 134, 135, 149-153, 158, 187, 190, 215, 325 Fibromas of the oral mucosa, 356 Fibromatosis, 39, 40, 88, 92, 190 Fibrosarcoma, 40, 101, 135, 151, 175, 188, 304 Fibrosis mammae virilis, 110 Fibrothecomatous stroma, 147, 148 Flat epithelial atypia, 26, 63, 65, 66 FLG, 50 Florid papillomatosis, 104 Follicular lymphoma, 107, 109, 191 Folliculome lipidique, 157 Fragile histidine triad, 265 Subject Index 427
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Previous volumes in this series Kle
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World Health Organization Classific
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Published by IARC Press, Internatio
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CHAPTER 1 Tumours of the Breast Can
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TNM classification of carcinomas of
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Invasive breast carcinoma I.O. Elli
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Rapid growth and greater adult heig
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tives, administrative and clerical
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Grade 1 - well differentiated: 3-5
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ent and this is occasionally extens
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Most melanotic tumours of the breas
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A Fig. 1.22 A Classic invasive lobu
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yet others at 90% {97,2147}. For pr
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Fig. 1.27 Medullary carcinoma. The
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myoepithelial cells in fibro a d e
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A Fig. 1.33 Neuroendocrine carcinom
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Macroscopy Fisher et al. reported t
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Fig. 1.39 Apocrine carcinoma. Note
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cells contain intracytoplasmic lume
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A Fig. 1.50 Carcinosarcoma. A Two a
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A B C Fig. 1.75 Lobular neoplasia.
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Intraductal proliferative lesions F
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A B absence of either microcalcific
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Fig. 1.83 Atypical ductal hyperplas
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A B Fig. 1.88 Large excision biopsy
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unusual variants as well. Using thi
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esemble those identified in invasiv
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A B Fig. 1.97 Microinvasive carcino
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A Papilloma may be subject to morph
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A B C Fig. 1.103 Papillary intraduc
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colour measuring from 0.5 to 12 cm.
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Immunoprofile The cases studied by
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Glycogen-rich, clear cell carcinoma
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Differential diagnosis There may be
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quality metaphase spreads from an i
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Fig. 1.67 Lobular carcinoma of brea
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detectable distant metastasis displ
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detected at a late stage as small t
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Extent of ductal carcinoma in situ
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Benign epithelial proliferations G.
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Fig. 1.112 Microglandular adenosis.
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A Apocrine adenoma ICD-O code 8401/
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A B Fig. 1.128 Adenomyoepithelioma,
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Mesenchymal tumours M. Drijkoningen
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1113,1275}. There is a complex patt
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A B Fig. 1.137 A Lipoma. Intraparen
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Fig. 1.141 Angiosarcoma after breas
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A Fig. 1.144 Mammary osteosarcoma.
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Fibroepithelial tumours J.P. Belloc
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aged women (average age of presenta
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lished data suggests a 21% rate of
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A Fig. 1.157 Syringomatous adenoma
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Malignant lymphoma and metastatic t
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used. Inflammatory conditions in th
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male population both in the USA and
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CHAPTER 2 Tumours of the Ovary and
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Polyembryoma 9072/3 Non-gestational
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Surface epithelial-stromal tumours
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A Fig. 2.04 A Serous borderline tum
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A Fig. 2.06 Serous borderline tumou
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A Fig. 2.10 Invasive peritoneal imp
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Fig. 2.15 Mucinous carcinoma with i
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Fig. 2.20 Mucinous endocervical-lik
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A Fig. 2.28 Mucinous cystic tumour
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early secretory endometrium {2605}.
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IV, 6% {2233}. Patients with grade
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A Fig. 2.37 A This polypoid intracy
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Fig. 2.40 Endometrioid cyst with at
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1 tumours are extremely rare. Almos
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Fig. 2.50 Borderline Brenner tumour
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express thrombomodulin and have bee
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serous and transitional cell carcin
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is yellow to tan with a variable ad
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Genetic susceptibility JGCTs may pr
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Clinical features F i b romas may b
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distinguishes this tumour from the
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A Fig. 2.77 A Retiform Sertoli-Leyd
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Mean ages of 21 and 38 years and me
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Tumours unassociated with PJS form
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mal origin without crystals of Rein
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Germ cell tumours F. Nogales A. Tal
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cases, anisokaryosis has no prognos
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ation may coexist in the same neopl
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Table 2.06 Grading of ovarian immat
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A B Fig. 2.102 A Mature cystic tera
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Diagnostic procedures Elevated urin
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associated with mature teratomas sh
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atives intimately admixed. The germ
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Fig. 2.113 Mixed germ cell-sex cord
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A Fig. 2.116 A Adenomatous hyperpla
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Fig. 2.117 Small cell carcinoma, hy
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Clinical features Adenoid cystic-li
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Histopathology This epithelial tumo
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sis. Corpus luteum of pregnancy has
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Lymphomas and leukaemias L.M. Roth
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Secondary tumours of the ovary J. P
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Occasionally, the colonic adenocarc
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Peritoneal tumours S.C. Mok J.O. Sc
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A B Fig. 2.140 Cystic adenomatoid m
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whelmingly poor {1038,1547,2310}. H
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CHAPTER 3 Tumours of the Fallopian
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TNM and FIGO classification of carc
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Endometrioid adenocarcinoma Endomet
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Two examples of adenofibroma of bor
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A Fig. 3.11 Adenomatoid tumour. A T
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Clinical features Patients range in
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Fig. 3.16 Uterus-like mass. The cys
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CHAPTER 4 Tumours of the Uterine Co
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TNM and FIGO classification of non-
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Epithelial tumours and related lesi
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endometrioid adenocarcinoma fro m a
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fers from the prototypical type I e
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the ovary and bladder. Unlike prima
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schema {1535,2602}. Although this c
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Table 4.03 Altered gene function in
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Mesenchymal tumours and related les
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areas are limited to less than 30%
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A B C Fig. 4.30 Leiomyosarcoma. A T
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e used sparingly and is reserved fo
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A B Fig. 4.38 Leiomyoma with perino
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cytological atypia, tumour cell nec
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Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tu
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Prognosis and predictive factors Th
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tumours may superficially invade th
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A Fig. 4.46 A Gestational choriocar
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A Fig. 4.49 A Classic complete hyda
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Sex cord-like, neuroectodermal and
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Secondary tumours of the uterine co
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WHO histological classification of
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Epithelial tumours M. Wells J.M. Ne
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Fig. 5.04 Mechanisms of human papil
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Fig. 5.08 Keratinizing squamous cel
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in their Asian population {2957}. I
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have a strong association with high
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e red by squamous epithelium {380}.
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endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the
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metrial epithelium. In some cases t
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with distinct cell borders and a gr
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Mesenchymal tumours M.L. Carcangiu
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{781}, liposarcoma {2840,3016}, ost
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Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tu
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Fig. 5.44 Wilms tumour. The tumour
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A Fig. 5.47 Implant of endometrial
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CHAPTER 6 Tumours of the Vagina Alt
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Epithelial tumours E.S. Andersen A.
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Aetiology The fact that both VAIN a
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Fig. 6.10 Fibroepithelial polyp.A m
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er of mitoses varies but is usually
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ICD-O codes Adenosquamous carcinoma
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A C Fig. 6.17 Sarcoma botryoides. A
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1-11 cm. They may arise anywhere in
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elsewhere in the female genital tra
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A Fig. 6.24 Yolk sac tumour. A The
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g rowing in sheets. Some may have s
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WHO histological classification of
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Epithelial tumours E.J. Wilkinson M
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even with additional sectioning, it
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type) is a highly diff e rentiated
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Clinical features Bartholin gland c
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glandular elements surrounded by fi
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Mesenchymal tumours R.L. Kempson M.
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Table 7.03 Differential diagnosis o
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Prognosis and predictive factors A
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Table 7.04 Clark levels of cutaneou
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A Fig. 7.23 Vulvar peripheral primi
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Familial aggregation of cancers of
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BRCA1 syndrome Definition Inherited
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dispose individuals to the developm
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Fig. 8.05 To assess whether wild-ty
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Fig. 8.07 Factors that modify risk
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BRCA2 syndrome R. Eeles S. Piver S.
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tubal or ovarian carcinomas. Howeve
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in typical nuclear foci that may re
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Breast tumours Frequency Breast can
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Fig. 8.14 Codon distribution of som
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Breast tumours Age distribution and
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Hereditary non-polyposis colon canc
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essary in the evaluation of the pat
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Age distribution and penetrance Mos
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Contributors Dr Vera M. ABELER** De
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Dr Carlo LA VECCHIA Laboratory of E
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Dr Manuel TEIXEIRA Department of Ge
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02.100 Dr. A. Ostor 02.101 Dr. F.A.
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52. Akhtar M, Robinson C, Ashraf Al
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180. Bapat K, Brustein S (1989). Ut
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- Page 378 and 379: 562. Costa MJ, Ames PF, Walls J, Ro
- Page 380 and 381: 689. Di Domenico A, Stangl F, Benni
- Page 382 and 383: 820. Falck J, Petrini JH, Williams
- Page 384 and 385: 943. Gad A, Azzopardi JG (1975). Lo
- Page 386 and 387: 1067. Grimes MM (1992). Cystosarcom
- Page 388 and 389: 1197. Herod JJ, Shafi MI, Rollason
- Page 390 and 391: 1323. Jacques SM, Qureshi F, Ramire
- Page 392 and 393: 1449. Khalifa MA, Mannel RS, Harawa
- Page 394 and 395: 1564. Lagios MD (1977). Multicentri
- Page 396 and 397: 1687. Loman N, Johannsson O, Kristo
- Page 398 and 399: 1807. McCluggage G, McBride H, Maxw
- Page 400 and 401: 1937. Mukai M, Torikata C, Iri H (1
- Page 402 and 403: 2056. Norris HJ, Taylor HB (1967).
- Page 404 and 405: 2180. Park JS, Jones RW, McLean MR,
- Page 406 and 407: 2304. Puls LE, Hamous J, Morrow MS,
- Page 408 and 409: 2 4 3 4 . Rosen PP, Groshen S, Saig
- Page 410 and 411: 2559. Schlesinger C, Silverberg SG
- Page 412 and 413: 2686. Silverberg SG (1999). Protoco
- Page 414 and 415: 2806. Stutz JA, Evans AJ, Pinder S,
- Page 416 and 417: 2942. Tornos C, Silva EG, Ordonez N
- Page 418 and 419: 3061. Wargotz ES, Norris HJ (1990).
- Page 420 and 421: 3189. Yoshioka T, Tanaka T (2000).
- Page 422 and 423: References 425
- Page 426 and 427: G GADD45, 343, 353 GCDFP-15, 25, 33
- Page 428 and 429: MPNST, see Malignant peripheral ner
- Page 430: Small cell / oat cell carcinoma, 32