Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities - Agence ...

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7. Access to Housing: The Main End Goal of Urban Development Policies participation mechanism and ensure households’ ownership and attachment to their homes. A parallel can again be drawn with the Logements Évolutifs Sociaux (LES) in overseas France: they are basic housing that must then be improved via selfconstruction. All planning authorities in Reunion Island agree that LES housing is a success because the families take ownership of them very well and the self-construction mechanisms function as planned or, for some households, better. However, the financial conditions that need to be met to build LES housing are difficult to fulfil. 42 Reunion Island is nearly the only place where LES projects are still being built, and they are tending to disappear little by little. 7.4.3. Credit-Linked and Bonded Houses 100 The last type of housing proposed for ownership by the government is houses, built to slightly higher specifications than the RDP/BNG houses, that households can purchase with the help of home loans. Following the massive policy of RDP house delivery, actors in the real estate sector realized that this distorted the market and that households earning slightly more than the 3,500 rand cut-off were unable to find affordable houses. The households that earn more than 3,500 rand and for which the market does not spontaneously offer solutions make up the public for what the South African government calls gap housing. Spontaneously, in the Financial Sector Charter of 2003, and then in partnership with the authorities in a Memorandum of Understanding signed in May 2005, private banks committed to investing 42 billion rand 43 in mortgage financing for households that are unable to buy homes but do not receive government subsidies. There are two types of such houses in the construction projects initiated by the government: credit-linked houses and bonded houses. For both, the banking sector intervenes to provide loans and allow households to buy property. For credit-linked houses, the households targeted must earn between 3,500 and 7,500 rand; the government provides in addition a direct subsidy to act as a guarantee, thus covering part of the risk due to the financial weakness of the households concerned. Bonded houses (photo 6) are sold only with the help of the loans offered by the banking sector as part of its social commitments and without additional government assistance. 42. Notably, the households must have sufficient steady income (salary and/or government assistance). 43. 42 billion rand = 3.2 billion euros. Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities © AFD 2009
7. Access to Housing: The Main End Goal of Urban Development Policies In this way, the government seeks, whether through entirely, partially or not subsidized houses, to promote home ownership among low- and middle-income households. Since the 1970s, the French government has also favoured home ownership for households with modest incomes through the intermediary of tax exemptions. In France as in South Africa, this corresponds to a desire among a segment of the population to become home owners. However, these public policies favour singlefamily homes and contribute to not very dense urban landscapes that are difficultly compatible with public transit. Photo 6. Bonded Houses in the Cosmo City Project in Johannesburg 101 Photo credit: Tamlyn and Dylan Little, Tyme Photography. 7.4.4. Public Rental Housing Historical Background and Lack of Rental Solutions When apartheid ended, the rental model was banished and the post-apartheid government favoured the ownership model. This political decision is understandable given the country’s history. Under apartheid, black populations were housed as renters © AFD 2009 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities
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Integrating Poor Populations in Sou
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The author Fanny Hervé, an enginee
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Abstract In South Africa, urban dev
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Résumé En Afrique du Sud, les enj
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Contents METHODOLOGY ..............
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Contents CONCLUSION ...............
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Methodology The purpose of this stu
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FOREWORD Public Policies on Housing
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Public Policies on Housing and Urba
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Introduction At the end of aparthei
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PART ONE: An Urban Context Marked b
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An Urban History of South Africa: F
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1. An Urban History of South Africa
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Page 49 and 50: Current Challenges 2 The apartheid
Page 51 and 52: 2. Current Challenges 2.1.2. The Na
Page 53 and 54: 2. Current Challenges However, desp
Page 55 and 56: 2. Current Challenges Progressively
Page 57 and 58: 2. Current Challenges far from the
Page 59 and 60: 2. Current Challenges commutes are
Page 61 and 62: Urban Development Policies in a Uni
Page 63 and 64: 3. Urban Development Policies in a
Page 69 and 70: PART TWO An Uncertain Determination
Page 71 and 72: Planning as Implemented in South Af
Page 73 and 74: 4. Planning as Implemented in South
Page 81 and 82: The Hindrances to the Effectiveness
Page 83 and 84: 5. The Hindrances to the Effectiven
Page 85 and 86: Paths Toward More Profitable Planni
Page 87 and 88: 6. Paths Toward More Profitable Pla
Page 89 and 90: PART THREE Develop Living Spaces fo
Page 91 and 92: Access to Housing: The Main End Goa
Page 93 and 94: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 99: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 113 and 114: The Limits of the Government’s Ac
Page 115 and 116: 8. The Limits of the Government’s
Page 127 and 128: Toward Greater Integration of Publi
Page 129 and 130: 9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
Page 141 and 142: Conclusion Nearly fifteen years ago
Page 143 and 144: Acronyms and Abbreviations ABM AFD
Page 145 and 146: Acronyms and Abbreviations RZ SACN
Page 147 and 148: Appendices Appendix 1: Interviews I
Page 149 and 150: Appendices • Claire Bénit-Gaffou
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Appendices Pretoria • Revelation
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Appendices Appendix 3: Map of Johan
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Appendices Appendix 5: Map of Ethek
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Bibliography Books DU TOIT, J., U.
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Bibliography Articles BÉNIT, C. (2
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Bibliography REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRI
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Publications Les titres de la colle
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Publications No. 23 : Libéralisati
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What is AFD? www.afd.fr Agence Fran
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