Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities - Agence ...

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5. The Hindrances to the Effectiveness of Planning Methods Nevertheless, the IDP concept is still relatively new and many municipalities are facing capacity-related difficulties. These new strategic planning tools have been imposed, but it is difficult for municipalities — especially for medium and small municipalities — to not merely endure these new instruments but rather truly take advantage of them to plan their actions. Indeed, most communes (with the exception of the metros) call on private consultants to produce their IDPs. In this way, the municipalities fulfil their legal obligations but do not take advantage of this mode of strategic management. In a certain manner, one can see the same phenomenon in small communes in metropolitan France and overseas France. The municipal offices are overwhelmed by day-to-day management tasks and do not necessarily have the necessary time and personnel to elaborate a development plan for the commune. Thus, the Projet d’Aménagement et de Développement Durable (PADD), which is supposed to come before and determine the regulatory section of the PLU, is often produced after the land use regulations and does not truly play a role in projection. 82 Another aspect that makes the elaboration of strategic planning documents more complex is the need to ensure compatibility between different territorial scales. South Africa’s constitutional system of coordination between the three spheres of government — which are not thirds but rather spheres that share certain responsibilities and that must work together in an integrated manner — is particularly complex in practice, and this makes itself felt in the management of planning. Indeed, cities’ Spatial Development Frameworks must be consistent with the Provincial Spatial Development Frameworks. Most communes still find it difficult to take into account this requirement of consistency. Among other things, less than half of the provinces in South Africa have produced their PSDFs as yet. Gauteng Province produced its Gauteng Spatial Development Plan in 2000 and revised it recently, but it seems that in practice it is rather the development of Johannesburg, as the main city, that guides overall development directions. Once again, French municipalities face the same difficulty. Let us look at Reunion Island, for example: all of the island’s territory must be covered by the Schéma d’Aménagement Régional (SAR, regional development blueprint), which must then apply to all the SCOTs and PLUs. The SAR dates from 1995 and has been being revised since 2004. Thus, some communes are elaborating their own PLUs but cannot yet base them on regional principles. They will even probably have to modify their PLUs retroactively. One can clearly see here the difficulties involved in the long-term coordination of different levels of government and in establishing inter-governmental planning. Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities © AFD 2009
5. The Hindrances to the Effectiveness of Planning Methods 5.2. Urban Development Strategies Are Still Limited In South Africa, planning is greatly inspired by the Anglo-Saxon model and follows a very functional logic. The IDP proposes to move slightly away from this sectoral vision by imposing the geographic grouping of different budgets. However, on the municipal and provincial levels, performance is measured by sector (housing, infrastructure, essential services, transportation, etc.) and in mostly quantitative terms. These sectoral public policies also find their justification in the reconstruction approach taken in the period following apartheid. A second hindrance to the effectiveness of development strategies is linked to participation issues. One of the major planning innovations in the IDP was to promote the need for municipal offices to share the elaboration of their strategies with other actors and submit their drafts for open consultation. This openness notably pushed the municipalities to focus their investment projects primarily on struggling areas. However, this consultation is limited; discussions on the IDPs are relatively technical and do not address all informal actors (associations, political or ethnic networks, communities of inhabitants, etc.). The participation process seems extremely tricky to implement given the diversity of actors and can considerably slow decisions. Collecting diverse opinions is crucial to building a coherent strategy and is a very rich source; at the same time, it is the government’s role to make certain decisions and reach certain compromises in the general well-being. The IDPs allow better management but do not yet form a strategic vision of urban development in all cities. 83 5.3. Regulations Cannot Yet Serve Municipal Development Strategies The land use regulation system, now in use by the municipalities, is outdated and does not in any case serve as a tool to implement urban development strategies. It is not a land management tool for municipalities that would like to develop a land strategy, nor is it an instrument to guide and develop private investment. The current urban planning documents (Town Planning Schemes or Zoning Schemes) do not reflect the © AFD 2009 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities
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Integrating Poor Populations in Sou
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The author Fanny Hervé, an enginee
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Abstract In South Africa, urban dev
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Résumé En Afrique du Sud, les enj
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Contents METHODOLOGY ..............
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Contents CONCLUSION ...............
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Methodology The purpose of this stu
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FOREWORD Public Policies on Housing
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Public Policies on Housing and Urba
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Introduction At the end of aparthei
Page 31 and 32: PART ONE: An Urban Context Marked b
Page 33 and 34: An Urban History of South Africa: F
Page 35 and 36: 1. An Urban History of South Africa
Page 49 and 50: Current Challenges 2 The apartheid
Page 51 and 52: 2. Current Challenges 2.1.2. The Na
Page 53 and 54: 2. Current Challenges However, desp
Page 55 and 56: 2. Current Challenges Progressively
Page 57 and 58: 2. Current Challenges far from the
Page 59 and 60: 2. Current Challenges commutes are
Page 61 and 62: Urban Development Policies in a Uni
Page 63 and 64: 3. Urban Development Policies in a
Page 69 and 70: PART TWO An Uncertain Determination
Page 71 and 72: Planning as Implemented in South Af
Page 73 and 74: 4. Planning as Implemented in South
Page 81: The Hindrances to the Effectiveness
Page 85 and 86: Paths Toward More Profitable Planni
Page 87 and 88: 6. Paths Toward More Profitable Pla
Page 89 and 90: PART THREE Develop Living Spaces fo
Page 91 and 92: Access to Housing: The Main End Goa
Page 93 and 94: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 113 and 114: The Limits of the Government’s Ac
Page 115 and 116: 8. The Limits of the Government’s
Page 127 and 128: Toward Greater Integration of Publi
Page 129 and 130: 9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
Page 131 and 132: 9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
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9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
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Conclusion Nearly fifteen years ago
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ABM AFD
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Acronyms and Abbreviations RZ SACN
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Appendices Appendix 1: Interviews I
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Appendices • Claire Bénit-Gaffou
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Appendices Pretoria • Revelation
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Appendices Appendix 3: Map of Johan
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Appendices Appendix 5: Map of Ethek
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Bibliography Books DU TOIT, J., U.
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Bibliography Articles BÉNIT, C. (2
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Bibliography REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRI
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Publications Les titres de la colle
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Publications No. 23 : Libéralisati
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What is AFD? www.afd.fr Agence Fran
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