Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities - Agence ...

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7. Access to Housing: The Main End Goal of Urban Development Policies to build entire neighbourhoods of BNG houses. To allow promoters to invest in this area of construction, a financial institution, the NURCHA, has the role of offering loans at advantageous rates to promoters that get involved in building houses for the poorest. The new BNG houses (photo 5) are slightly larger and are somewhat better made. Indeed, the amount of the subsidy was increased to allow for this improved quality and rose progressively from 12,500 rand to nearly 40,000 rand in 2004. 40 Photo 5. BNG Houses 98 Photo credit: Tamlyn Little and Dylan Little, Tyme Photography. Thus, this policy of providing home ownership is the most widespread in South Africa and corresponds to the solution most frequently utilized by the government to house populations that are unable to acquire a home with their own funds. A large percentage of the population expresses the desire to obtain this type of housing. There are two primary reasons for this desire. First, this housing policy has become part of the culture, and the people still living in informal conditions want to benefit from it. Second, the homeowner model attracts a large number of households. The taste for 40. 12,500 rand = 957 euros; 40,000 rand = 3,060 euros. Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities © AFD 2009
7. Access to Housing: The Main End Goal of Urban Development Policies single-family homes can be found uniformly across most of the country. In overseas France, a home ownership solution is also offered to poor populations. Indeed, in addition to France’s classic social housing solution, the government elaborated the Logement Évolutif Social (LES, progressive social housing) solution. These houses are built in large part with the help of French government subsidies and possible loans thanks to the assistance that is given to the families concerned. A small part of the cost remains to be covered directly by the households. These houses, which are “progressive” because they can be built or expanded through self-construction, worked well in Reunion Island (but much less easily in the other overseas departments – DOMs) but are now being built less often by property development companies because they are too expensive. Indeed, the cost of construction varies between 50 and 70 thousand euros and the number of households that can receive them is shrinking. This is why the only LES houses still built are built on land already owned by the households (in the case of households that own land or as part of slum clearance operations) 41 and are in this case called grouped LESs. 7.4.2. Improved Housing and Self-Promotion Starting in 1998, a new instrument was developed by the Department of Housing, the People’s Housing Process (PHP). It is an alternative solution that allows groups of inhabitants to benefit from housing subsidies without necessarily becoming RDP home owners. Indeed, if a community of inhabitants undertakes this process, the PHP mechanism allows them to have serviced land and obtain subsidies and technical and logistic support to allow them to build their own houses. This subsidy mechanism is relatively flexible and often used by communities supported by NGOs or by local authorities. Indeed, the subsidy application process has quite a bit of red tape and also requires a very well-organized community. This subsidy cannot be applied to single households who wish to build their own homes with assistance. Since it was created, the PHP has become more and more frequently used by local governments. For this reason, BNG seeks to facilitate the generalization of this mechanism, notably by communicating more about its implementation resources and possible results. Although they are few in number compared to the single-family house grants, these PHP operations are appreciated because, as a community initiative, they are born from a 99 41. See section 7.5 below. © AFD 2009 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities
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Integrating Poor Populations in Sou
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The author Fanny Hervé, an enginee
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Abstract In South Africa, urban dev
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Résumé En Afrique du Sud, les enj
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Contents METHODOLOGY ..............
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Contents CONCLUSION ...............
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Methodology The purpose of this stu
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FOREWORD Public Policies on Housing
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Public Policies on Housing and Urba
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Introduction At the end of aparthei
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PART ONE: An Urban Context Marked b
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An Urban History of South Africa: F
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1. An Urban History of South Africa
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Page 47 and 48: 1. An Urban History of South Africa
Page 49 and 50: Current Challenges 2 The apartheid
Page 51 and 52: 2. Current Challenges 2.1.2. The Na
Page 53 and 54: 2. Current Challenges However, desp
Page 55 and 56: 2. Current Challenges Progressively
Page 57 and 58: 2. Current Challenges far from the
Page 59 and 60: 2. Current Challenges commutes are
Page 61 and 62: Urban Development Policies in a Uni
Page 63 and 64: 3. Urban Development Policies in a
Page 69 and 70: PART TWO An Uncertain Determination
Page 71 and 72: Planning as Implemented in South Af
Page 73 and 74: 4. Planning as Implemented in South
Page 81 and 82: The Hindrances to the Effectiveness
Page 83 and 84: 5. The Hindrances to the Effectiven
Page 85 and 86: Paths Toward More Profitable Planni
Page 87 and 88: 6. Paths Toward More Profitable Pla
Page 89 and 90: PART THREE Develop Living Spaces fo
Page 91 and 92: Access to Housing: The Main End Goa
Page 93 and 94: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 97: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 113 and 114: The Limits of the Government’s Ac
Page 115 and 116: 8. The Limits of the Government’s
Page 127 and 128: Toward Greater Integration of Publi
Page 129 and 130: 9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
Page 141 and 142: Conclusion Nearly fifteen years ago
Page 143 and 144: Acronyms and Abbreviations ABM AFD
Page 145 and 146: Acronyms and Abbreviations RZ SACN
Page 147 and 148: Appendices Appendix 1: Interviews I
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Appendices • Claire Bénit-Gaffou
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Appendices Pretoria • Revelation
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Appendices Appendix 3: Map of Johan
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Appendices Appendix 5: Map of Ethek
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Bibliography Books DU TOIT, J., U.
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Bibliography Articles BÉNIT, C. (2
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Bibliography REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRI
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Publications Les titres de la colle
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Publications No. 23 : Libéralisati
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What is AFD? www.afd.fr Agence Fran
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