Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities - Agence ...

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9. Toward Greater Integration of Public Policy Hall, initiated the elaboration of precinct plans for approximately twenty “challenged” zones in Johannesburg. Two types of zones are primarily studied: future urban hubs due to the arrival of public transit, and disadvantaged zones. These precinct plans are very detailed and make it possible to amend the current planning scheme (zoning) rapidly. In addition, these documents then apply to all other sectoral departments (transportation, housing, the environment, economic development). In theory, the precinct plans are elaborated jointly with the other municipal departments. However, the various departments’ differing priorities and capability problems sometimes complicate coordination. Despite these difficulties, this initiative reveals coordination between a transportation policy and settlement development with social objectives. 9.3.5. Municipal Initiatives Managed and Financially Balanced by Private Promoters Several consequential public-private partnerships have recently emerged in the field of urban development. In Johannesburg, Cosmo City is a pilot project under Breaking New Ground and has received considerable media attention. “Cosmo City is the first fully integrated housing development in South Africa, providing housing for the full economic spectrum group in the same human settlement.” Basil Read Developments Advertisement 138 It is a partnership between the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, and several private promoters including Basil Read Developments. The land was acquired by the government and then entrusted as a whole to the private sector to develop a mostly residential project for different categories of households. The aim was to re-house two informal settlements located near Cosmo City, Zevenfontein and Riverbend. Thus, one project is building the various forms of housing offered by the government: BNG houses, credit-linked houses, bonded houses and social housing. All the types of housing are represented but they are grouped by category and the various blocks are separated by roads and green spaces. Combining the various types of housing and seeing project management be carried throughout the territory and duration of the project by one private actor is a noteworthy innovation in how spaces are created for low-income populations. In this way, the promoter can generate cross- Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities © AFD 2009
9. Toward Greater Integration of Public Policy Photos 20, 21, 22 and 23. Cosmo City Photo credit: Tamlyn and Dylan Little, Tyme Photography. subsidies — that is to say take advantage of the construction of a large number of bonded houses sold at non-negligible prices to prepare land and develop infrastructure of equivalent levels in the BNG house zones, which habitually only receive the minimum level. The public facilities are also designed and planned by the same private team. Cosmo City is located very close to two former informal housing zones, but activity zones are not being built alongside it as it is a residential project. 139 A public-private partnership has also begun in Ethekwini. Bridge City consists of public land allocated to a private promoter to build an economic development zone between townships. The project is located between several townships including I-N- K (Inanda, Ntuzuma, Kwa-Mashu) and aims to create a centre point and economic opportunities in the zone. The Bridge City programme consists of a large shopping mall, offices, and fairly high-end rental apartments. It is clearly not in the promoter’s financial interest to develop social diversity; however, this project — and this is the municipality’s desire — should help vitalize this area mostly utilized to house populations with low and very low incomes. This same type of debate arose somewhat in France with the recent opening of development concessions to competition. For all these development © AFD 2009 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities
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Integrating Poor Populations in Sou
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The author Fanny Hervé, an enginee
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Abstract In South Africa, urban dev
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Résumé En Afrique du Sud, les enj
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Contents METHODOLOGY ..............
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Contents CONCLUSION ...............
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Methodology The purpose of this stu
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FOREWORD Public Policies on Housing
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Public Policies on Housing and Urba
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Introduction At the end of aparthei
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PART ONE: An Urban Context Marked b
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An Urban History of South Africa: F
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1. An Urban History of South Africa
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Current Challenges 2 The apartheid
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2. Current Challenges 2.1.2. The Na
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2. Current Challenges However, desp
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2. Current Challenges Progressively
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2. Current Challenges far from the
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2. Current Challenges commutes are
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Urban Development Policies in a Uni
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3. Urban Development Policies in a
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PART TWO An Uncertain Determination
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Planning as Implemented in South Af
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4. Planning as Implemented in South
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The Hindrances to the Effectiveness
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5. The Hindrances to the Effectiven
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Paths Toward More Profitable Planni
Page 87 and 88: 6. Paths Toward More Profitable Pla
Page 89 and 90: PART THREE Develop Living Spaces fo
Page 91 and 92: Access to Housing: The Main End Goa
Page 93 and 94: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 113 and 114: The Limits of the Government’s Ac
Page 115 and 116: 8. The Limits of the Government’s
Page 127 and 128: Toward Greater Integration of Publi
Page 129 and 130: 9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
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Page 141 and 142: Conclusion Nearly fifteen years ago
Page 143 and 144: Acronyms and Abbreviations ABM AFD
Page 145 and 146: Acronyms and Abbreviations RZ SACN
Page 147 and 148: Appendices Appendix 1: Interviews I
Page 149 and 150: Appendices • Claire Bénit-Gaffou
Page 151 and 152: Appendices Pretoria • Revelation
Page 153 and 154: Appendices Appendix 3: Map of Johan
Page 155 and 156: Appendices Appendix 5: Map of Ethek
Page 157 and 158: Bibliography Books DU TOIT, J., U.
Page 159 and 160: Bibliography Articles BÉNIT, C. (2
Page 161 and 162: Bibliography REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRI
Page 163 and 164: Publications Les titres de la colle
Page 165 and 166: Publications No. 23 : Libéralisati
Page 167 and 168: What is AFD? www.afd.fr Agence Fran
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