Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities - Agence ...

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4. Planning as Implemented in South Africa Today Because of its strong budget orientation, the IDPs have made it possible to ensure greater speed in the provision of services to low-income groups. In addition, supplemented by a spatial approach in the SDFs, the IDPs have allowed municipalities to give priority to certain projects and focus municipal efforts on areas that are struggling. A section in the IDPs titled “Area-Based Initiatives and Projects” emphasizes the areas impacted by the envisaged projects and thus ensures greater equity in the distribution of municipal programmes. Box 3. Urban Planning in France To grasp the South African system, it is interesting to review how planning operates in France. In France, planning emerged in a centralized manner at the end of the 1960s, and was formalized by the Loi d’Orientation Foncière (land orientation law) of 1967. This law introduced the Schémas directeurs d’aménagement et d’urbanisme (SDAUs), which are produced by deconcentrated state offices, and the commune-scale Plans d’occupation des sols (POSs). With the Solidarité et Renouvellement Urbain (SRU) law of 2000, these documents became the Schémas de cohérence territoriale (SCOTs) and the Plans locaux d’urbanisme (PLUs) respectively. 76 The SCOTs are purely strategic planning documents that aim to coordinate coherent development within a given territory. The SCOTs are created by inter-commune establishments (that is to say by several communes), and not by government offices. The PLUs are the communes’ individual urbanism plans. They contain both the communes’ strategic development plans (the PADD: Projet d’Aménagement et de Développement Durable, or development and sustainable development plan) and their land use regulation plans. This combination of strategy and regulation, recently instigated by the SRU law, is supposed to place zoning and land regulation at the service of the communes’ development strategies. The PLUs must be compatible with the other urbanism documents for the same territory, generally the SCOTs. Other documents can apply to a given territory. First, on regional scale, the Schémas d’aménagement régionaux (regional development blueprints) apply to the Ile-de-France Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities © AFD 2009
4. Planning as Implemented in South Africa Today region, Corsica, and the overseas departments and regions. They are produced by the corresponding Regional Councils. Sectoral documents are elaborated by the communes or by inter-commune establishments: the Plans de Déplacements Urbains (PDU, urban travel plans), and the Plans Locaux de l’Habitat (PLH, local housing plans). When these plans exist, they must be taken into account in the PLUs. The latest urban planning rules are the ones produced by the government offices for Zones d’Intérêt National (areas of national interest): the Directives Territoriales d’Aménagement (DTA, territorial development directive) — for instance, the DTA for the Seine River estuary includes the development of the Port of Le Havre) — and “coastal” and “mountain” laws. 4.3. Land Regulation and Use: Parallel Allocation Systems The second type of planning, which in theory supports strategic planning, is land use regulation. This corresponds to regulating the type of development authorized in function of the area, which is then transcribed in the form of a corresponding zoning map. 4.3.1. Authorizations Determined by the Provinces 77 Land regulation and law, like strategic planning, already existed and were heavily utilized during apartheid. In order to ban any distribution of land based on racial criteria, the post-apartheid government created new modalities by which to attribute development rights (the equivalent of building permits). Through the Development Facilitation Act (DFA, 1995), the government entrusted most duties to the provinces via tribunals that have the power to make decisions independently of all other existing regulations. More generally, the provinces also have jurisdiction over authorizations of an environmental nature. This is the subject of an additional form submitted to the province to build on a given plot of land. © AFD 2009 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities
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Integrating Poor Populations in Sou
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The author Fanny Hervé, an enginee
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Abstract In South Africa, urban dev
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Résumé En Afrique du Sud, les enj
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Contents METHODOLOGY ..............
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Contents CONCLUSION ...............
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Methodology The purpose of this stu
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FOREWORD Public Policies on Housing
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Public Policies on Housing and Urba
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Page 25 and 26: Public Policies on Housing and Urba
Page 27 and 28: Public Policies on Housing and Urba
Page 29 and 30: Introduction At the end of aparthei
Page 31 and 32: PART ONE: An Urban Context Marked b
Page 33 and 34: An Urban History of South Africa: F
Page 35 and 36: 1. An Urban History of South Africa
Page 49 and 50: Current Challenges 2 The apartheid
Page 51 and 52: 2. Current Challenges 2.1.2. The Na
Page 53 and 54: 2. Current Challenges However, desp
Page 55 and 56: 2. Current Challenges Progressively
Page 57 and 58: 2. Current Challenges far from the
Page 59 and 60: 2. Current Challenges commutes are
Page 61 and 62: Urban Development Policies in a Uni
Page 63 and 64: 3. Urban Development Policies in a
Page 69 and 70: PART TWO An Uncertain Determination
Page 71 and 72: Planning as Implemented in South Af
Page 73 and 74: 4. Planning as Implemented in South
Page 75: 4. Planning as Implemented in South
Page 79 and 80: 4. Planning as Implemented in South
Page 81 and 82: The Hindrances to the Effectiveness
Page 83 and 84: 5. The Hindrances to the Effectiven
Page 85 and 86: Paths Toward More Profitable Planni
Page 87 and 88: 6. Paths Toward More Profitable Pla
Page 89 and 90: PART THREE Develop Living Spaces fo
Page 91 and 92: Access to Housing: The Main End Goa
Page 93 and 94: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 113 and 114: The Limits of the Government’s Ac
Page 115 and 116: 8. The Limits of the Government’s
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Toward Greater Integration of Publi
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9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
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Conclusion Nearly fifteen years ago
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ABM AFD
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Acronyms and Abbreviations RZ SACN
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Appendices Appendix 1: Interviews I
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Appendices • Claire Bénit-Gaffou
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Appendices Pretoria • Revelation
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Appendices Appendix 3: Map of Johan
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Appendices Appendix 5: Map of Ethek
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Bibliography Books DU TOIT, J., U.
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Bibliography Articles BÉNIT, C. (2
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Bibliography REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRI
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Publications Les titres de la colle
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Publications No. 23 : Libéralisati
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What is AFD? www.afd.fr Agence Fran
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