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9. Toward Greater Integration of Public Policy operations, municipalities must issue a call for tender open to SPCs and private development companies. It seems logical that the objectives will not be attained in the same way, but it is up to the municipality to make that call in function of the specific situation and urban needs. Despite the housing-based approach mostly used by the government in how it builds living spaces for needy populations, initiatives to offer mixed-use solutions focusing on the populations’ needs and on territorial coherency are emerging at various levels of government. This is happening thanks to the new direction in the national housing policy, but also thanks to increased assumption of responsibility by the municipalities and the determination to create integrated settlements. 140 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities © AFD 2009
Conclusion Nearly fifteen years ago, a new democratic government took the head of South Africa with its heavy legacy on the spatial and notably urban level. The public policies that have been conducted until now to provide urban solutions for disadvantaged populations have not managed to reverse apartheid’s separate development. The shape of large South African cities may seem worrying in regard to the objectives of social cohesion. Some authors even go so far as to say that the post-apartheid policies have increased the urban fragmentation apartheid created. As for the primary reasons for this failure, one must, among other things, emphasize the lack of spatial planning, the sectoral approach to the delivery of services including housing, the limited involvement of the state to control urban development, and finally the complexity of the relationships between the three spheres of government. In addition, the weakness of participatory mechanisms for projects involving poor populations and above all the municipalities’ difficulty carrying the long-term urban development strategies to envisage for poor populations — not only the granting of decent housing, but rather functional settlements integrated in the urban fabric — are major handicaps. 141 Planning and restructuring cities requires a long-term vision, and policies are continuously evolving. South Africa is a recently democratized society that has a vitality and spirit of initiative aiming to improve the situation for numerous poor households in the cities. The lack of a national framework determining urban policies and the large role of the private sector in building the urban landscape have not prevented the emergence of very promising initiatives. Several policies and projects build on what is already in place — multi-centre city, evolution of urban centrality in townships and informal settlements — and seek to re-balance these settlements when it comes to urban facilities, transportation and sometimes jobs. © AFD 2009 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities
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Integrating Poor Populations in Sou
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The author Fanny Hervé, an enginee
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Abstract In South Africa, urban dev
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Résumé En Afrique du Sud, les enj
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Contents METHODOLOGY ..............
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Contents CONCLUSION ...............
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Methodology The purpose of this stu
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FOREWORD Public Policies on Housing
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Public Policies on Housing and Urba
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Introduction At the end of aparthei
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PART ONE: An Urban Context Marked b
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An Urban History of South Africa: F
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1. An Urban History of South Africa
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Current Challenges 2 The apartheid
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2. Current Challenges 2.1.2. The Na
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2. Current Challenges However, desp
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2. Current Challenges Progressively
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2. Current Challenges far from the
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2. Current Challenges commutes are
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Urban Development Policies in a Uni
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3. Urban Development Policies in a
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PART TWO An Uncertain Determination
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Planning as Implemented in South Af
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4. Planning as Implemented in South
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The Hindrances to the Effectiveness
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5. The Hindrances to the Effectiven
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Paths Toward More Profitable Planni
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6. Paths Toward More Profitable Pla
Page 89 and 90: PART THREE Develop Living Spaces fo
Page 91 and 92: Access to Housing: The Main End Goa
Page 93 and 94: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 113 and 114: The Limits of the Government’s Ac
Page 115 and 116: 8. The Limits of the Government’s
Page 127 and 128: Toward Greater Integration of Publi
Page 129 and 130: 9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
Page 139: 9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
Page 143 and 144: Acronyms and Abbreviations ABM AFD
Page 145 and 146: Acronyms and Abbreviations RZ SACN
Page 147 and 148: Appendices Appendix 1: Interviews I
Page 149 and 150: Appendices • Claire Bénit-Gaffou
Page 151 and 152: Appendices Pretoria • Revelation
Page 153 and 154: Appendices Appendix 3: Map of Johan
Page 155 and 156: Appendices Appendix 5: Map of Ethek
Page 157 and 158: Bibliography Books DU TOIT, J., U.
Page 159 and 160: Bibliography Articles BÉNIT, C. (2
Page 161 and 162: Bibliography REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRI
Page 163 and 164: Publications Les titres de la colle
Page 165 and 166: Publications No. 23 : Libéralisati
Page 167 and 168: What is AFD? www.afd.fr Agence Fran
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