Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities - Agence ...

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4. Planning as Implemented in South Africa Today 4.1.2. The Timid Presence of Urban Stakes in the Political Agenda As early as 1994, the government drafted a policy paper addressing urban issues. 33 However, this document did not have concrete implications and served only as a framework for reflection. In 2003, the Presidency published the National Spatial Development Perspective (NSDP). This document addresses the challenges facing all national policies: ensure economic growth, provide basic services to the entire population, invest in and produce facilities in areas with high economic potential, concentrate action in disadvantaged areas on education and health. The NSDP does not distinguish between urban and rural stakes, and proposes economic development and human development guidelines — that is to say it focuses on populations. Thus, no document currently proposes real, specific actions for cities, and urban stakes do not seem to be seen as priorities. Given the history of apartheid, the government undoubtedly wishes to avoid “favouring” one geographic area over another, and would prefer to act in favour of people directly: “Efforts to address past and current social inequalities should focus on people, not places.” Excerpt from the National Spatial Development Perspective 72 Nevertheless, this lack of specific urban development action has been noted, and an Urban Development Perspective for the 2 nd Decade of Democracy in South Africa was written in May 2005. It has yet to be approved. This document clearly identified the challenges facing cities and their importance in national development. It proposes increasing the government’s acknowledgement of urban issues, developing participation mechanisms for all residents, making all urban-related policies coherent, setting up instruments and incentives to conduct this urban reform, and finally fostering intellectual production on urban issues. It seems politically tricky to favour certain territories over others and concentrate on urban areas. The ANC would find it difficult to advocate an urban policy to its voters. Therefore, there is currently no national guideline indicating the type of development 33. This document was the Urban Development Strategy, reused in 1996 in the form of the Urban Development Framework. Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities © AFD 2009
4. Planning as Implemented in South Africa Today desired for cities in a normative and holistic manner. The department in charge of urban planning is, what is more, only represented on the provincial and local levels and does not appear on the national level. This differs from most sectoral departments as they are all represented on all three levels of government. In France, planning issues appeared late. Following the politique des grand ensembles, the government decided to intervene and re-establish a more general policy in favour of city development. The first strategic planning blueprints appeared at this time, notably for the Paris region. The planning system evolved progressively to integrate environmental considerations and social equity issues more fully. Today, national guidance is provided by the Loi Solidarité et Renouvellement Urbain (Loi SRU of 2000, solidarity and urban renewal law). This law defines planning documents for the various scales and introduces the concepts of sustainable urban development, and functional and social diversity (a mandatory 20% social housing in each commune). The lack of a national perspective on urban development has not prevented new planning tools from being developed. In order to present these new tools, one must first distinguish between two types of planning that complement each other. Planning first means to strategically and spatially plan the development of a territory, and predict the medium- and long-term evolutions desired for urban areas. In English, the expression ‘forward planning’ is used for this. Second, planning can also designate the regulation and control of land use. In theory, this land regulation comes after strategic planning and aims to implement it. South Africans call this ‘land use management’ and see it as a type of planning. 73 4.2. Strategic Spatial Planning Below is a chart presenting the various strategic and spatial planning documents elaborated by the government authorities. 4.2.1. The First Level of Planning: The Provinces The process of rebuilding various municipalities was obviously not instantaneous, and post-apartheid planning was set up on the provincial scale first. Thus, the Development Facilitation Act (DFA, 1995) entrusted most planning powers to the © AFD 2009 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities
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Integrating Poor Populations in Sou
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The author Fanny Hervé, an enginee
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Abstract In South Africa, urban dev
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Résumé En Afrique du Sud, les enj
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Contents METHODOLOGY ..............
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Contents CONCLUSION ...............
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Methodology The purpose of this stu
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FOREWORD Public Policies on Housing
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Public Policies on Housing and Urba
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Public Policies on Housing and Urba
Page 21 and 22: Public Policies on Housing and Urba
Page 29 and 30: Introduction At the end of aparthei
Page 31 and 32: PART ONE: An Urban Context Marked b
Page 33 and 34: An Urban History of South Africa: F
Page 35 and 36: 1. An Urban History of South Africa
Page 49 and 50: Current Challenges 2 The apartheid
Page 51 and 52: 2. Current Challenges 2.1.2. The Na
Page 53 and 54: 2. Current Challenges However, desp
Page 55 and 56: 2. Current Challenges Progressively
Page 57 and 58: 2. Current Challenges far from the
Page 59 and 60: 2. Current Challenges commutes are
Page 61 and 62: Urban Development Policies in a Uni
Page 63 and 64: 3. Urban Development Policies in a
Page 69 and 70: PART TWO An Uncertain Determination
Page 71: Planning as Implemented in South Af
Page 75 and 76: 4. Planning as Implemented in South
Page 81 and 82: The Hindrances to the Effectiveness
Page 83 and 84: 5. The Hindrances to the Effectiven
Page 85 and 86: Paths Toward More Profitable Planni
Page 87 and 88: 6. Paths Toward More Profitable Pla
Page 89 and 90: PART THREE Develop Living Spaces fo
Page 91 and 92: Access to Housing: The Main End Goa
Page 93 and 94: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 113 and 114: The Limits of the Government’s Ac
Page 115 and 116: 8. The Limits of the Government’s
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8. The Limits of the Government’s
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8. The Limits of the Government’s
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Toward Greater Integration of Publi
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9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
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Conclusion Nearly fifteen years ago
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ABM AFD
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Acronyms and Abbreviations RZ SACN
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Appendices Appendix 1: Interviews I
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Appendices • Claire Bénit-Gaffou
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Appendices Pretoria • Revelation
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Appendices Appendix 3: Map of Johan
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Appendices Appendix 5: Map of Ethek
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Bibliography Books DU TOIT, J., U.
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Bibliography Articles BÉNIT, C. (2
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Bibliography REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRI
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Publications Les titres de la colle
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Publications No. 23 : Libéralisati
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What is AFD? www.afd.fr Agence Fran
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