Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities - Agence ...

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2. Current Challenges difficult to reach from the city centre. Here too, one can see the parallel with the politique des grand ensembles in France that led, for the same reasons, to massive construction in distant and isolated settlements. 2.2.3. Urban Sprawl and Transportation Challenges Given the availability of land in South Africa, urban sprawl has further increased since the end of apartheid in two ways. City Growth and Private Promotion 58 The first type of urban sprawl deals with the growth of cities due to the construction by private promoters of both residences for well-off populations that want space and single-family homes, and business districts, large shopping malls and mixed-use centres (leisure, commerce, offices, etc.). This type of expansion follows a rather Anglo- Saxon model of urban development and resembles what the French call “urbanisme de rocade” (bypass urbanism) generated by the tri-fold development of single-family homes, shopping malls, and large road networks. As is the case in France, this concerns middle-classes and even the wealthy, who mainly use their cars for transportation. It is not a type of compact city allowing populations to travel easily by public transit and fostering low individual energy consumption. Urban sprawl comes at a cost and in the very short term generates traffic problems and lengthy commute times. Nevertheless, the government authorities are still making little effort to limit this type of urban growth. Outlying Residential Areas for Poor Populations The second form of urban sprawl — clearly more problematic for the populations concerned — deals with the installation of poor populations far from city centres. Since 1994, RDP houses have primarily been built on outlying plots of land, which shores up the township model. In addition, informal housing gets built where land is available and extends these poor residential zones. In this way, these zones grow without being economically integrated. Indeed, these zones are not only primarily residential but also located far from centres of activity. In addition, the lack of large-scale public transit does not make it possible to break the isolation of these settlements. Daily Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities © AFD 2009
2. Current Challenges commutes are done mostly in what are called collective taxis, private minibuses that connect residential zones with the city centre. For very poor households, transportation costs can account for up to half their spending (for a household earning 800 rand per month, transportation costs average 375 rand 31 ). 32 This situation is problematic because it hinders the integration of the poorest populations, and is the subject of political reflections to develop cities with integrated settlements and facilitate links to these outlying areas. The same types of debates were held in France on how to integrate the neighbourhoods created by the politique des grand ensembles. These residential areas are far from the centres of employment and very difficult to reach by public transit. This situation led to the establishment of economic, social and urban policies to attempt to reduce disparities. The government is trying to reintegrate these neighbourhoods by breaking their isolation, de-stigmatizing them, and redeveloping them to create mixeduse, more agreeable living spaces. 59 31. 800 rand = 72 euros; 375 rand = 33.5 euros. 32. Data taken from the State of the Cities Report 2006, “Understanding the Household Budget”, SACN. © AFD 2009 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities
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Integrating Poor Populations in Sou
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The author Fanny Hervé, an enginee
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Abstract In South Africa, urban dev
Page 7 and 8: Résumé En Afrique du Sud, les enj
Page 9 and 10: Contents METHODOLOGY ..............
Page 11 and 12: Contents CONCLUSION ...............
Page 13 and 14: Methodology The purpose of this stu
Page 15 and 16: FOREWORD Public Policies on Housing
Page 17 and 18: Public Policies on Housing and Urba
Page 29 and 30: Introduction At the end of aparthei
Page 31 and 32: PART ONE: An Urban Context Marked b
Page 33 and 34: An Urban History of South Africa: F
Page 35 and 36: 1. An Urban History of South Africa
Page 49 and 50: Current Challenges 2 The apartheid
Page 51 and 52: 2. Current Challenges 2.1.2. The Na
Page 53 and 54: 2. Current Challenges However, desp
Page 55 and 56: 2. Current Challenges Progressively
Page 57: 2. Current Challenges far from the
Page 61 and 62: Urban Development Policies in a Uni
Page 63 and 64: 3. Urban Development Policies in a
Page 69 and 70: PART TWO An Uncertain Determination
Page 71 and 72: Planning as Implemented in South Af
Page 73 and 74: 4. Planning as Implemented in South
Page 81 and 82: The Hindrances to the Effectiveness
Page 83 and 84: 5. The Hindrances to the Effectiven
Page 85 and 86: Paths Toward More Profitable Planni
Page 87 and 88: 6. Paths Toward More Profitable Pla
Page 89 and 90: PART THREE Develop Living Spaces fo
Page 91 and 92: Access to Housing: The Main End Goa
Page 93 and 94: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
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7. Access to Housing: The Main End
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7. Access to Housing: The Main End
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The Limits of the Government’s Ac
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8. The Limits of the Government’s
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Toward Greater Integration of Publi
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9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
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Conclusion Nearly fifteen years ago
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ABM AFD
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Acronyms and Abbreviations RZ SACN
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Appendices Appendix 1: Interviews I
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Appendices • Claire Bénit-Gaffou
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Appendices Pretoria • Revelation
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Appendices Appendix 3: Map of Johan
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Appendices Appendix 5: Map of Ethek
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Bibliography Books DU TOIT, J., U.
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Bibliography Articles BÉNIT, C. (2
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Bibliography REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRI
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Publications Les titres de la colle
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Publications No. 23 : Libéralisati
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What is AFD? www.afd.fr Agence Fran
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