Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities - Agence ...

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7. Access to Housing: The Main End Goal of Urban Development Policies 7.3.2. Considerable Investment but Little Maintenance and Coordination This system has several limitations. First, the construction of facilities is rarely followed by all the necessary maintenance. The national and provincial departments all have rather quantitative reasoning on their delivery in function of the subsidies available and think less in terms of day-to-day follow-up. Next, locations are selected mostly according to the availability of publicly-owned land (belonging primarily to the provinces or municipalities) and are not determined by the human flows and local needs connected to the development project and settlement concerned. Finally, there is little coordination between the various departments. It is very rare to see two facilities that depend on different sectors share land and infrastructure. 7.4. The Production of Different Types of Housing: A Provincial Responsibility 96 The aim here is to identify public sector actions in the field of housing for poor populations. Housing delivery is one of the most costly policies and is presented, with access to basic services, as the government’s main effort for marginalized households. Reducing the number of families without decent housing has been a major part of the ANC’s political platform since 1994. In order to succeed in doing so, the South African government has been building free houses for needy families since 1994. In ten years, this free home delivery programme has made it possible to house nearly two million families. Outside the houses provided for free, other solutions exist in a more marginal manner. This approach rapidly reached its limits. House construction projects were criticized, notably for the houses’ rudimentary quality, their distance from centres of employment, and the uniformity of the solution proposed for disadvantaged populations. Thus, ten years after this policy was launched, the Department of Housing decided to assess it. In 2004, this re-examination led to the elaboration of a new housing policy, Breaking New Ground (BNG) or A Comprehensive Plan for the Development of Sustainable Human Settlements. This new approach by the Department of Housing aims to improve construction standards and, above all, diversify housing solutions for poor populations. Breaking New Ground seeks to evolve from a housing policy to a territorial development programme that integrates low-income populations. In theory, BNG advocates the principles of sustainable settlements for populations, the Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities © AFD 2009
7. Access to Housing: The Main End Goal of Urban Development Policies consideration of all inhabitants’ needs, and social diversity. On the operational front, BNG seeks to improve and diversify existing tools. It is important to note that housing is under the jurisdiction of the provinces and this has not changed since 1994. Indeed, under the Constitution, the most major housing responsibilities are assigned to the provincial governments. The National Department of Housing sets policy, amounts and subsidy allocation conditions; the provinces receive all of the funds allocated to housing and then distribute the subsidies according to the projects they approve. Here is a table of the primary instruments elaborated by the Department of Housing to allow struggling populations to house themselves. Each is discussed in greater detail below. Table 2. The Different Types of Housing Offered by the Government Product Name RDP/BNG Houses People's Housing Process (PHP) Credit-Linked and Bonded Houses Social Housing Description Houses given to households earning less than 3,500 rand Improved housing and self-promotion grant for poor communities Houses obtained via loans with (credit-linked houses) or without (bonded houses) additional public financial assistance Social rental housing for households earning between 1,500 and 7,500 rand per month 7.4.1. Distribution of Single-Family Homes Since 1994, the free distribution of houses has been, and is largely still today, the principal element in the government’s efforts to accommodate needy populations. These houses are fully subsidized by the government. They were formerly called RDP houses in reference to the Reconstruction and Development Programme, and are now called BNG houses after the new housing policy. This programme, often called a housing delivery programme, targets households earning between 0 and 3,500 rand per month. South African households that meet this income criteria are eligible for the subsidy 39 and can, within the limit of available houses, become the owners of small homes. These houses are built by private promoters that use the subsidies indirectly 97 39. The most frequent is the project-linked subsidy, which allows households to acquire subsidized houses as part of large-scale construction projects. © AFD 2009 Integrating Poor Populations in South African Cities
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Integrating Poor Populations in Sou
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The author Fanny Hervé, an enginee
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Abstract In South Africa, urban dev
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Résumé En Afrique du Sud, les enj
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Contents METHODOLOGY ..............
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Contents CONCLUSION ...............
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Methodology The purpose of this stu
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FOREWORD Public Policies on Housing
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Public Policies on Housing and Urba
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Introduction At the end of aparthei
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PART ONE: An Urban Context Marked b
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An Urban History of South Africa: F
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1. An Urban History of South Africa
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Page 45 and 46: 1. An Urban History of South Africa
Page 47 and 48: 1. An Urban History of South Africa
Page 49 and 50: Current Challenges 2 The apartheid
Page 51 and 52: 2. Current Challenges 2.1.2. The Na
Page 53 and 54: 2. Current Challenges However, desp
Page 55 and 56: 2. Current Challenges Progressively
Page 57 and 58: 2. Current Challenges far from the
Page 59 and 60: 2. Current Challenges commutes are
Page 61 and 62: Urban Development Policies in a Uni
Page 63 and 64: 3. Urban Development Policies in a
Page 69 and 70: PART TWO An Uncertain Determination
Page 71 and 72: Planning as Implemented in South Af
Page 73 and 74: 4. Planning as Implemented in South
Page 81 and 82: The Hindrances to the Effectiveness
Page 83 and 84: 5. The Hindrances to the Effectiven
Page 85 and 86: Paths Toward More Profitable Planni
Page 87 and 88: 6. Paths Toward More Profitable Pla
Page 89 and 90: PART THREE Develop Living Spaces fo
Page 91 and 92: Access to Housing: The Main End Goa
Page 93 and 94: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 95: 7. Access to Housing: The Main End
Page 113 and 114: The Limits of the Government’s Ac
Page 115 and 116: 8. The Limits of the Government’s
Page 127 and 128: Toward Greater Integration of Publi
Page 129 and 130: 9. Toward Greater Integration of Pu
Page 141 and 142: Conclusion Nearly fifteen years ago
Page 143 and 144: Acronyms and Abbreviations ABM AFD
Page 145 and 146: Acronyms and Abbreviations RZ SACN
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Appendices Appendix 1: Interviews I
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Appendices • Claire Bénit-Gaffou
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Appendices Pretoria • Revelation
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Appendices Appendix 3: Map of Johan
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Appendices Appendix 5: Map of Ethek
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Bibliography Books DU TOIT, J., U.
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Bibliography Articles BÉNIT, C. (2
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Bibliography REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRI
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Publications Les titres de la colle
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Publications No. 23 : Libéralisati
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What is AFD? www.afd.fr Agence Fran
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