SLEEP 2011 Abstract Supplement

A. Basic Science V. Physiology
0138
THE EPITHELIUM OF THE CHOROID PLEXUS IS
INVOLVED IN THE HYPOCRETIN TRANSPORTATION
FROM THE CSF TO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Zhang J 1,2 , Xi M 1,2 , Fung SJ 1,2 , Sampogna S 1 , Chase MH 1,2,3
1
Websciences International, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2 VA Greater Los
Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 3 UCLA School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Introduction: In the CNS, hypocretins (also called orexins) are synthesized
exclusively by neurons that are located in the lateral hypothalamus.
However, hypocretin peptides are also present in the cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) and blood and their concentration varies depending on a number
of normal and pathological states and processes. Intracerebroventricular
and intravenous injections of hypocretin induce not only central but also
peripheral effects, indicating that hypocretins in the CSF play a role in
the functions of peripheral organs. However, it is unclear how hypocretins
in the CSF reach their cognizant receptors on cells of peripheral
organs. In this regard, it is known that the choroid plexus plays a critical
role in transporting substances from the CSF to the circulatory system.
Accordingly, in the present study, we were interested in determining
whether the choroid plexus serves as a functional transport system for
the conveyance of the hypocretins from the CSF to peripheral organs.
Methods: Hypocretin-1 was conjugated with supraparamagnetic particles
of iron oxide (MNP). Hypocretin-conjugated MNPs were then
injected into the lateral ventricle of guinea pigs. After survival times
ranging from 2 to 7 hours, the animals were perfused transcardially with
a fixative. The brain was removed and processed in order to carry out a
Prussian blue reaction to determine the location of hypocretin-MNPs.
In addition, the Prussian blue reaction was combined with antibodies
against hypocretin receptor type 1 or type 2 to identify cells that express
hypocretin receptors.
Results: Light microscopic analysis revealed that a majority of the
epithelial cells of the choroid plexus were immunostained with antibodies
against hypocretin receptor type 1 or type 2. In addition, the cells
that expressed receptors for hypocretin also contained large amounts of
hypocretin-MNPs, which were identified by the presence of precipitates
of the Prussian blue reaction within their cytoplasm.
Conclusion: The present results indicate that hypocretins in the CSF are
transported, via epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, to the circulating
system. Therefore, we conclude that the CSF-Circulatory System plays
an important role in transporting hypocretins from the CNS to peripheral
organs.
Support (If Any): This research was supported by Brain Sciences
Foundation.
0139
SLEEP DURATION VERSUS SLEEP INSUFFICIENCY
AS PREDICTORS OF CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH
OUTCOMES
Altman NG 1 , Zhao Z 1 , Jackson NJ 1 , Gehrman P 2 , Patel NP 3 , Grandner
MA 1
1
Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
PA, USA, 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA, 3 Respiratory Specialists and Department of
Medicine, Reading Hospital and Medical Center, Reading, PA, USA
Introduction: Previous laboratory and epidemiological studies suggest
that reduced sleep time is associated with an array of negative cardiometabolic
health outcomes. What remains unclear is the role of unmet
sleep need versus reduced sleep time. The present analysis aims to explore
the relative contributions of unmet sleep need (sleep insufficiency)
and sleep duration.
Methods: Data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System (BRFSS) were used (N=31,055). Outcomes included BMI
(continuous), obesity (BMI=30+), and history of hypertension, diabe-
tes, hypercholesteremia, heart attack, and stroke. Self-reported habitual
sleep time (STIME) was categorized as 9 hours. Sleep insufficiency (INSUF) was coded as number of days
per week of self-reported insufficient rest or sleep [reference=0]. All
analyses were adjusted for: age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income,
employment, marital status, Census region, minutes of exercise, any exercise
in past month, alcohol intake, heavy drinking, smoking, healthy
diet, household size, overall health, physical health, and mental health.
All non-BMI outcomes were also adjusted for BMI. Models included:
(1)STIME, (2)INSUF, and (3)STIME+INSUF.
Results: For Model 1 (STIME), increased BMI was associated with