SLEEP 2011 Abstract Supplement

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A. Basic Science XI. Sleep Deprivation Methods: 6 C/C, 45 C/T and 78 T/T healthy adults (29.9±6.9y;63females) completed 2 baseline (10h TIB) nights, followed by 5 consecutive PSD nights (4h TIB) in a laboratory experiment assessing neurobehavioral measures (cognitive and executive function tests, subjective sleepiness, mood and fatigue, MWT) and physiological sleep responses. The C/C and C/T groups did not differ in outcomes and were combined; comparisons were conducted between C allele carriers (C/C+C/T;N=51) and the T/T genotype (N=78). T/T genotypic and T allelic frequencies were higher in African Americans than Caucasians; reported results were significant after controlling for ethnicity. Results: During PSD, C allele carriers showed poorer executive functioning performance on the Tower of London (p’s
A. Basic Science XI. Sleep Deprivation Conclusion: Extended “recovery” sleep over the weekend reverses the impact of one work-week of mild sleep restriction on sleepiness but does not improve performance suggesting that complete performance recovery may require more that just two days. In addition, it appears that increased SWS in women compared to men protects them from the effect of sleep loss on sleepiness and performance impairment, whereas it enhances recovery from these effects of modest sleep loss. 0275 EFFECTS OF <strong>SLEEP</strong> DEPRIVATION ON NEURAL CORRELATES OF RISK-TAKING Rao H 1,2,3,4 , Luftig D 2 , Lim J 2 , Detre JA 1 , Dinges DF 2 1 Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2 Division of Sleep & Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 3 Center for Functional Brain Imaging, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, 4 Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Introduction: Sleep deprivation (SD) can induce significant deficits in vigilant attention, working memory, and executive function. However, the effects of SD on risk-taking behavior are unclear, with some studies reporting greater risk-taking behavior while others reporting no changes following sleep loss. The present study used functional MRI with a modified balloon analog risk task (BART) paradigm and examined the effects of 24h of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on the neural correlates of risk-taking. Methods: A total of 27 healthy adults (13 male) were scanned on a Siemens 3T Trio scanner while performing a modified BART task at rested baseline (BL) and after 24h of TSD, using a standard EPI sequence. During the BART, subjects were required to sequentially inflate a virtual balloon that could either grow larger or explode. Imaging data were analyzed by SPM5. Results: Behavioral data showed no changes of risk-taking propensity from BL to SD (6.5 vs. 6.6, p>.7). Imaging data showed robust activation in the mesolimbic, frontal, and visual pathway areas during the BART both at BL and during SD, which replicated our previous studies. Direct comparisons between these brain activation patterns indicated no differences from BL to SD. However, direct comparisons between the neural responses to the loss events (balloon explosion) showed reduced activation in the left insula. Furthermore, at BL, both SPM whole brain analysis and independent ROI analysis showing that insular and striatum activation level negatively correlated with risk-taking propensity, which also replicated our previous finding. However, such negative correlations were not found after SD. Conclusion: Consistent with literature, our data showed that 24h of TSD did not change risk-taking behavior. However, significantly reduced activation in the insula was observed during loss events following TSD, which may reflect diminished negative emotional response to loss outcomes during risk-taking. Moreover, the loss of negative correlations between risk-taking behavior and activation level in insular and striatum following TSD, suggesting that one night sleep loss can alter neural mechanisms mediating inter-individual differences in risk-taking propensity without actual behavioral changes. Overall, our data suggest that sleep loss alters neural responses associated with risk-taking and support the hypothesis that neuroimaging findings may be a precursor to the behavioral changes following long-term sleep deprivation. Support (If Any): This study is supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant FA9550-05-1-0293, NIH Grant R01 HL102119; in part by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute through NASA NCC 9-58; and in part by NIH Grants CTRC UL1RR024134 and P30 NS045839. 0276 DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF TOTAL <strong>SLEEP</strong> DEPRIVATION ON REGIONAL CORTICAL ACTIVITY AT REST AND DURING PSYCHOMOTOR VIGILANCE TEST PERFORMANCE Rao H 1,2,3,4 , Lim J 2 , Zhu S 1,4 , Wu W 1 , Hu S 1,2 , Detre JA 1 , Dinges DF 2 1 Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2 Division of Sleep & Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 3 Center for Functional Brain Imaging, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, 4 Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Introduction: Sleep deprivation (SD) degrades multiple aspects of neurocognitive performance. With few exceptions, recent neuroimaging studies have reported hypo-activation in fronto-parietal regions during various tasks following sleep loss. However, most of these studies focused on the effects of SD on task-induced neural activation, while the effects of SD on resting brain function without task requirements remain unexplored. The present study used arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion fMRI and examined the effects of 24h of total SD on brain function at rest and during a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Methods: A total of 31 healthy adults (16 male) were scanned on a Siemens 3T Trio scanner at non-task resting states and during the PVT after normal sleep and after 24h of TSD, using a a pseudo-continuous ASL sequence. Data were analyzed by SPM5. One mean resting CBF image was generated for each condition from each subject before and after TSD. Whole brain general linear modeling analysis was conducted. Results: TSD significantly disrupted PVT performance (p
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JOURNAL OF SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDER
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EDITORIAL In June of 1986, roughly
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A. Basic Science I. Pharmacology an
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