Understanding and Challenging Stigma toward ... - Pact Cambodia

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A12 How Stigma toward Men who Have Sex with Men Fuels the HIV Epidemic 3. Summary: Bring the session to a close by summarizing the main points which participants have made during the exercise. In giving your summary you may use some of the following points, if they have not already been mentioned by participants. Some people believe that stigmatizing MSM will push them to stop having sex with other men. It is important to understand that: a) moral pressure will not change MSM’s sexual orientation; and b) stigma will make the situation worse, making MSM hide their sexual activities with other men. This has negative consequences, which are described below. Stigma or the fear of stigma stops MSM from: Using clinics, getting tested for HIV and STIs, and getting condoms and lubricant from clinics. Protecting their own health and the health of their sexual partners by insisting on condom use with partners. A MSM is so happy to find someone who loves him that he avoids insisting on condoms, because he wants to hang on to this new relationship. This puts himself and his partner at risk of getting HIV. Refusing to marry a woman, even though he does not want to get married. Disclosing their HIV status if they are HIV positive. Because of HIV-stigma MSM are afraid to tell others about their HIV status. As a result, they may be able to avoid HIV-stigma, but as a result may have more difficulty negotiating condom use, accessing services, support, and treatment for HIV, and therefore be at more risk for transmitting HIV to their partners, both male and female. It is the fear of being stigmatized which stops MSM from taking appropriate action to protect their health, and thereby the health of their partners. It is this fear which stops MSM from accessing health services, finding out their own status, and negotiating safe sex with partners. This increases the risk that MSM will contract HIV and pass HIV along to their partners (often both male and female). 104
Naming Stigma toward MSM Fear of MSM stigma keeps HIV underground. MSM trade off their own lives and their partners’ lives in order to remain invisible in hopes of avoiding being stigmatized. If on the other hand, MSM are treated with kindness, support, and care, they will be more likely to access health services and take precautions in their sexual relationships. How Stigma Affects Men who Have Sex with Men STIGMA Shaming, blaming, isolation and rejection Feel unwanted, despised and rejected Loss of confidence/self-esteem and feel worthless Not using health services, e.g., STI and HIV testing so STIs or HIV not identified No longer feel responsible for actions – they have already judged me, so why should I worry about how I behave? HIV Not taking care in negotiating condom use with sexual partners and using condoms consistently 105
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Understanding and Challenging Stigm
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Acknowledgments The toolkit was dev
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Table of Contents Acronyms ........
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Contents D2. HIV Transmission and M
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Why a Toolkit on Stigma toward Men
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What is the Toolkit? What is the To
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How to Use the Toolkit The toolkit
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Sample Programs for Different Types
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The Exercises or Session Plans Each
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Tips for Facilitating Participatory
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Chapter A: Naming Stigma and Discri
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A1 Naming Stigma and Discrimination
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A2 What the Community Says, Fears,
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Page 62 and 63: A4 Naming Stigma and Discrimination
Page 64 and 65: A5 Finding Solutions to Challenge S
Page 76 and 77: A7 Personal Experience of Being Sti
Page 84 and 85: A8 What Is the Meaning of Stigma? F
Page 86 and 87: A8 What Is the Meaning of Stigma? S
Page 88 and 89: A9 The Blame Game Facilitator’s N
Page 90 and 91: A9 The Blame Game 2. Things the com
Page 92 and 93: A9 The Blame Game 3. Report back: B
Page 94 and 95: A9 The Blame Game So how should we
Page 96 and 97: A10 When the Family Discovers that
Page 106 and 107: A11 Forms, Effects, and Causes of S
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Page 110 and 111: A12 How Stigma toward Men who Have
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Page 142 and 143: B3 What is Sex? What is Gender? Exa
Page 144 and 145: B4 Act Like a Real Man Facilitator
Page 146 and 147: B4 Act Like a Real Man Review the p
Page 148 and 149: B4 Act Like a Real Man Example Resp
Page 150 and 151: B5 Sex, Gender Identity, Gender Exp
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B6 Misconceptions about Men who Hav
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B7 Value Clarification Facilitator
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B7 Value Clarification Step: 1. Rap
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B7 Value Clarification Example of a
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Annex for Chapter B: What Do You Kn
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Chapter C: Coping with Stigma and D
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C1 Personal Experiences of Stigma F
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C1 Personal Experiences of Stigma 3
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C1 Personal Experiences of Stigma E
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C2 Strategies for Coping with Stigm
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C2 Strategies for Coping with Stigm
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C3 How to Challenge Stigma in an As
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C4 Disclosure: How to Disclose to t
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C5 Coping with Stress Facilitator
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C5 Coping with Stress 2. Discussion
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C6 Relations between Men who Have S
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C6 Relations between Men who Have S
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Chapter D: Men who Have Sex with Me
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D1 Assessing Knowledge about HIV an
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D1 Assessing Knowledge about HIV an
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D2 HIV Transmission and Men who Hav
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D3 HIV Risk Factors in Same Sex Rel
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D3 HIV Risk Factors in Same Sex Rel
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Chapter E: Moving to Action Introdu
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Chapter E: Moving to Action Key Mes
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Chapter E: Moving to Action Things
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E1 Start with a Vision - A World wi
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E2 Men who Have Sex with Men and Hu
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E3 Challenge What People Say about
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E4 Action - Writing a Code of Condu
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Annex A: Information Sheets 1. Glos
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Annex A:1 Glossary of Terms Bisexua
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Annex A:1 Glossary of Terms LGBTI i
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Annex A:2 Men who Have Sex with Men
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Annex A:3 Becoming Open: Stages in
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Annex A:4 What Do I Do If Someone W
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Annex A:5 Stigma and Discrimination
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Annex A:5 Stigma and Discrimination
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Annex A:6 Human Rights What are hum
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Annex A:6 Human Rights Right to be
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Annex A:7 Hate Violence There have
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Annex A:8 Sexually Transmitted Infe
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Annex A:8 Sexually Transmitted Infe
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Annex A:9 HIV Transmission The HIV
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Annex A:9 HIV Transmission During a
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Annex A:10 HIV and AIDS: Frequently
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Annex A:11 Code of Conduct for Heal
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Annex A:12 Code of Conduct for the
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Annex B: Stigma Pictures M1 Father
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M.1 Annex B
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M.3 Annex B
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M.5 Annex B
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M.7 Annex B
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M.9 Annex B
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M.11 Annex B
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M.13 Annex B
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M.15 Annex B
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M.17 Annex B
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