Understanding and Challenging Stigma toward ... - Pact Cambodia

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D2 HIV Transmission and Men who Have Sex with Men (MSM) Example Responses: Thigh sex: No risk. Sperm does not get into the anus or mouth where it could get into the body and the bloodstream. Mutual masturbation: When MSM masturbate each other, the hands may come into contact with sperm, but the sperm remains outside the body where it is exposed to air, and dies. There is no risk if there are no cuts or broken skin on the hands. Kissing: As long as there are no cuts or sores in the mouth, kissing is completely safe. The saliva of the infected person may get into the mouth but saliva has very low quantities of HIV. 5. Hand out copies of the QQR Information Sheet (at end of this exercise) and discuss. Then in pairs get participants to talk about what information in the Information Sheet would help them challenge wrong beliefs about HIV transmission. 218
MSM and HIV 6. Presentation: As a summary present the following basic messages on HIV transmission. HIV is a fragile organism and does not survive long outside the body. It can only survive for a few seconds once it is outside the body. Exposure to air or water kills HIV. HIV does not spread easily from person to person through everyday contact. HIV is not transmitted through the air through sneezing or coughing like TB. HIV is not transmitted through skin contact like a skin disease. HIV is not transmitted through food or plates, cups, sheets, etc., or through surfaces such as toilet seats. HIV is only transmitted through infected blood, sexual fluid, or mother’s milk getting into your body. You can only get HIV through: Having unprotected anal or vaginal sex (no condom) with an HIV infected person. Sharing needles or syringes with an injection drug user who is HIV positive. HIV positive mothers passing HIV to their babies before or during birth (through blood) or after birth through breast milk. HIV has to get inside your body for you to become infected. This is why sex and injecting drug use help to get HIV into the body. When we have anal sex without a condom, sexual fluid can get into the body through small cuts in the rectum or penis. When we inject drugs, the infected blood can go directly into the bloodstream. Receptive anal sex is much more risky than insertive anal sex. The rectum has a large surface area and the skin in the rectum is very susceptible to tears during anal sex, especially if the insertive partner is not using lubricant. Once the skin gets broken, HIV in the semen or in blood from cuts on the penis of the insertive partner can get easily into the body and the bloodstream of the receptive partner, if they are not using a condom. 219
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Understanding and Challenging Stigm
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Acknowledgments The toolkit was dev
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Table of Contents Acronyms ........
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Contents D2. HIV Transmission and M
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Why a Toolkit on Stigma toward Men
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What is the Toolkit? What is the To
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How to Use the Toolkit The toolkit
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Sample Programs for Different Types
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The Exercises or Session Plans Each
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Tips for Facilitating Participatory
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Chapter A: Naming Stigma and Discri
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A1 Naming Stigma and Discrimination
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A2 What the Community Says, Fears,
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A5 Finding Solutions to Challenge S
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A7 Personal Experience of Being Sti
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A8 What Is the Meaning of Stigma? F
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A8 What Is the Meaning of Stigma? S
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A9 The Blame Game Facilitator’s N
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A9 The Blame Game 2. Things the com
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A9 The Blame Game 3. Report back: B
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A9 The Blame Game So how should we
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A10 When the Family Discovers that
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A11 Forms, Effects, and Causes of S
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A11 Forms, Effects, and Causes of S
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A12 How Stigma toward Men who Have
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A12 How Stigma toward Men who Have
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A13 Stigma and Discrimination towar
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Chapter B: Understanding What it Me
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B1 Breaking the Sex Taboo Facilitat
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B1 Breaking the Sex Taboo Example R
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B1 Breaking the Sex Taboo Example Q
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B1 Breaking the Sex Taboo Example R
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B2 What Do We Know about Men who Ha
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B3 What is Sex? What is Gender? Fac
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B3 What is Sex? What is Gender? Exa
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B4 Act Like a Real Man Facilitator
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B4 Act Like a Real Man Review the p
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B4 Act Like a Real Man Example Resp
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B5 Sex, Gender Identity, Gender Exp
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B6 Misconceptions about Men who Hav
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B7 Value Clarification Facilitator
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B7 Value Clarification Step: 1. Rap
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B7 Value Clarification Example of a
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Annex for Chapter B: What Do You Kn
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Page 182 and 183: Chapter C: Coping with Stigma and D
Page 184 and 185: C1 Personal Experiences of Stigma F
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Page 190 and 191: C2 Strategies for Coping with Stigm
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Page 208 and 209: C5 Coping with Stress Facilitator
Page 210 and 211: C5 Coping with Stress 2. Discussion
Page 212 and 213: C6 Relations between Men who Have S
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Page 216 and 217: Chapter D: Men who Have Sex with Me
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Page 238 and 239: Chapter E: Moving to Action Introdu
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Annex A:1 Glossary of Terms Bisexua
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Annex A:1 Glossary of Terms LGBTI i
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Annex A:2 Men who Have Sex with Men
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Annex A:3 Becoming Open: Stages in
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Annex A:4 What Do I Do If Someone W
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Annex A:5 Stigma and Discrimination
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Annex A:5 Stigma and Discrimination
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Annex A:6 Human Rights What are hum
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Annex A:6 Human Rights Right to be
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Annex A:7 Hate Violence There have
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Annex A:8 Sexually Transmitted Infe
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Annex A:8 Sexually Transmitted Infe
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Annex A:9 HIV Transmission The HIV
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Annex A:9 HIV Transmission During a
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Annex A:10 HIV and AIDS: Frequently
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Annex A:11 Code of Conduct for Heal
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Annex A:12 Code of Conduct for the
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Annex B: Stigma Pictures M1 Father
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M.1 Annex B
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M.3 Annex B
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M.5 Annex B
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M.7 Annex B
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M.9 Annex B
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M.11 Annex B
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M.13 Annex B
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M.15 Annex B
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M.17 Annex B
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