Understanding and Challenging Stigma toward ... - Pact Cambodia

Annex A:9
HIV Transmission
The HIV Transmission Equation
Human host with HIV: a human being has to carry the virus to infect another person
Body fluid that carries large amount of HIV: blood, semen, vaginal fluid or breast milk
Opening into the bloodstream: such as needle holes or cuts/tears in the anus, vagina,
or penis
Activity that can move these fluids between people: unprotected sex (anal, oral or vaginal),
sharing infected needles, breastfeeding, or blood transfusion with infected blood
Possibility of Infection
QQR – Quality, Quantity, Route of Transmission
For HIV transmission to take place, the quality of the virus must be strong, a large quantity
must be present, and there must be a route of transmission into the bloodstream. All of
these things must be present for someone to get infected with HIV.
Quality: For transmission to take place, the quality of the virus must be strong.
HIV cannot survive outside the body. It starts to die the moment it is exposed to
the air.
HIV is not an airborne virus. This is why there is no risk of transmission in sitting close
to or sharing the same room with someone living with HIV.
HIV does not live on the surface of the skin; it lives inside the body. There is no risk from
shaking hands or hugging someone. The only place the virus can survive outside
the body is in a vacuum (like a syringe) where it is not exposed to air.
HIV will die if it is exposed to heat (e.g., if infected blood spills into a cooking
pot).
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