Understanding and Challenging Stigma toward ... - Pact Cambodia

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B7 Value Clarification Example of arguments made by participants in one workshop in Phnom Penh Statement Agree Disagree If you hang out with MSM as friends, you will easily become MSM. Once a “real” man gets a chance to try out sex with a man, he might decide to change and become MSM. Men hang around with each other and as the relationship gets closer, they may try having sex with the friend and get hooked. People like to try things which are new. This statement stigmatizes MSM by talking about them as if they have a contagious disease which they will spread to others. Just because men hang out together doesn’t mean they will have sex together. A “real man” can never be attracted to have sex with a man. Just because a man has sex once with man doesn’t make him MSM. Being MSM is based on a person’s true feelings and nature, not simply having sex. Even if a man has sex with a man 3 times, we can’t really determine if he is MSM. Only those with an MSM tendency would become MSM. Given slight opportunity, they will become MSM because they are MSM. 164
Understanding MSM Statement Agree Disagree Being MSM is NOT against the Khmer culture. There is no Cambodian law saying men cannot have sex with men; and Buddhism does not say that MSM is wrong. MSM has always existed, but it was hidden. By acknowledging MSM, we are not against tradition. Being MSM is natural so we cannot stop MSM anyway. It doesn’t mean we are changing the history — we want to support tradition, but we also want to support MSM. Khmer beliefs about acceptable sexual practices prohibit men from having sex with men. Khmer tradition says that men should only have sex with women, and should only marry women. Cambodian law does not accept marriage between men. MSM deserve to get HIV because of their immoral behavior. No one deserves to be infected with HIV. This statement blames MSM for spreading HIV. Being stigmatized in this way may make it difficult for MSM to get treatment and support for living with HIV. 165
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Understanding and Challenging Stigm
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Acknowledgments The toolkit was dev
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Table of Contents Acronyms ........
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Contents D2. HIV Transmission and M
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Why a Toolkit on Stigma toward Men
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What is the Toolkit? What is the To
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How to Use the Toolkit The toolkit
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Sample Programs for Different Types
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The Exercises or Session Plans Each
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Tips for Facilitating Participatory
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Chapter A: Naming Stigma and Discri
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A1 Naming Stigma and Discrimination
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A2 What the Community Says, Fears,
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A5 Finding Solutions to Challenge S
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A7 Personal Experience of Being Sti
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A8 What Is the Meaning of Stigma? F
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A8 What Is the Meaning of Stigma? S
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A9 The Blame Game Facilitator’s N
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A9 The Blame Game 2. Things the com
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A9 The Blame Game 3. Report back: B
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A9 The Blame Game So how should we
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A10 When the Family Discovers that
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A11 Forms, Effects, and Causes of S
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A11 Forms, Effects, and Causes of S
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A12 How Stigma toward Men who Have
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A12 How Stigma toward Men who Have
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A13 Stigma and Discrimination towar
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Page 140 and 141: B3 What is Sex? What is Gender? Fac
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Page 144 and 145: B4 Act Like a Real Man Facilitator
Page 146 and 147: B4 Act Like a Real Man Review the p
Page 148 and 149: B4 Act Like a Real Man Example Resp
Page 150 and 151: B5 Sex, Gender Identity, Gender Exp
Page 162 and 163: B6 Misconceptions about Men who Hav
Page 168 and 169: B7 Value Clarification Facilitator
Page 170 and 171: B7 Value Clarification Step: 1. Rap
Page 174 and 175: Annex for Chapter B: What Do You Kn
Page 182 and 183: Chapter C: Coping with Stigma and D
Page 184 and 185: C1 Personal Experiences of Stigma F
Page 186 and 187: C1 Personal Experiences of Stigma 3
Page 188 and 189: C1 Personal Experiences of Stigma E
Page 190 and 191: C2 Strategies for Coping with Stigm
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Page 194 and 195: C3 How to Challenge Stigma in an As
Page 200 and 201: C4 Disclosure: How to Disclose to t
Page 208 and 209: C5 Coping with Stress Facilitator
Page 210 and 211: C5 Coping with Stress 2. Discussion
Page 212 and 213: C6 Relations between Men who Have S
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Page 216 and 217: Chapter D: Men who Have Sex with Me
Page 218 and 219: D1 Assessing Knowledge about HIV an
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D2 HIV Transmission and Men who Hav
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D3 HIV Risk Factors in Same Sex Rel
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D3 HIV Risk Factors in Same Sex Rel
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Chapter E: Moving to Action Introdu
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Chapter E: Moving to Action Key Mes
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Chapter E: Moving to Action Things
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E1 Start with a Vision - A World wi
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E2 Men who Have Sex with Men and Hu
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E3 Challenge What People Say about
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E4 Action - Writing a Code of Condu
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Annex A: Information Sheets 1. Glos
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Annex A:1 Glossary of Terms Bisexua
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Annex A:1 Glossary of Terms LGBTI i
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Annex A:2 Men who Have Sex with Men
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Annex A:3 Becoming Open: Stages in
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Annex A:4 What Do I Do If Someone W
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Annex A:5 Stigma and Discrimination
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Annex A:5 Stigma and Discrimination
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Annex A:6 Human Rights What are hum
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Annex A:6 Human Rights Right to be
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Annex A:7 Hate Violence There have
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Annex A:8 Sexually Transmitted Infe
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Annex A:8 Sexually Transmitted Infe
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Annex A:9 HIV Transmission The HIV
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Annex A:9 HIV Transmission During a
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Annex A:10 HIV and AIDS: Frequently
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Annex A:11 Code of Conduct for Heal
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Annex A:12 Code of Conduct for the
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Annex B: Stigma Pictures M1 Father
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M.1 Annex B
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M.3 Annex B
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M.5 Annex B
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M.7 Annex B
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M.9 Annex B
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M.11 Annex B
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M.13 Annex B
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M.15 Annex B
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M.17 Annex B
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