Rediscovering Europe in the Netherlands - St Antony's College ...

ediscovering europe in the netherlands
4 Safeguards and direct citizen participation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Safeguards
4.2.1 Definition of safeguards
4.2.2 The Netherlands and safeguards
4.2.3 Safeguards operating between the eu and national levels
4.2.4 Safeguards within the Netherlands
4.2.5 Safeguards for citizens
4.3 Direct citizen participation: Direct, deliberative and e-democracy
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Preferenda instead of referenda
4.3.3 Deliberative forms of citizen participation
4.3.4 Conclusion
4.4 Conclusion
91
91
91
91
93
95
98
103
105
105
105
111
114
115
6
5 Civil society
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Civil society and its relationship to politicians, government officials
and citizens
5.2.1 Civil society in relation to politicians and government officials
5.2.2 Civil society and its relationship to citizens
5.3 Civil society involvement in eu policy in the Netherlands
5.3.1 The logic of civil society action and the effects of sectoral
‘segmentation’
5.3.2 Opportunities even so?
5.4 Political and administrative perspectives
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Removing inherent obstacles
5.4.3 Openness to initiatives from civil society
5.5 Conclusion
119
119
121
121
123
124
124
126
128
128
128
130
132
6 News media
6.1 Introduction
6.2 A triangular relationship between the media, politicians, and policy
makers and citizens
6.3 The Dutch media’s involvement with eu policy
6.3.1 State of affairs
6.3.2 Opportunities
6.4 Perspectives for politicians and policy makers
6.4.1 Strategic role for the Prime Minister
6.4.2 Preferenda
6.4.3 Internet
6.5 Conclusion
137
137
138
139
139
142
143
143
144
145
146