The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

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3.1.4 Markings on Components and Spare Parts
A partial number, if not the complete mark, can be used for
component parts using elements of the full marking on the frame or
receiver. It has been a common standard for component parts, such as
barrels, to be marked with just the alphanumeric component of the unique
identifier. This originates from the production line where manufacturers
need to ensure that components machined for a specific weapon are not
mixed with those made to fit another.
A high degree of specialist knowledge is required, therefore, to identify
component parts when separated from the complete weapon. One method
to enhance the potential for tracing is to use an alphanumeric code from
which the manufacturer, country of origin, year of manufacture and a
unique serial number can be identified. There are estimated to be some
600 arms manufacturing companies worldwide. Borrowing from the
automotive industry, which uses simple alphanumeric codes to mark their
components, a mix of three letters would provide sufficient variations to
create a range of codes (17,576) unique to each manufacturer and then
seven or more random numbers would create a year and unique identifier
for each replacement part they produce. For example, W A U 9 9 1 7 1 1 8
W A U = Audi (Ingolstadt factory in Germany)
9 9 = Year of manufacture
1 7 1 1 8 = Serial number
3.1.5 Marking on Import
Many countries require imported small arms to be additionally marked
with the individual ordnance mark for that country or, as in the case of
civilian firearms, the importer’s name and address or logo. Proof marks are
also a means of marking on import.
For new weapons produced for a specific export market, legislation in
the US for example, allows the importer’s details to be marked at the time
of manufacture in the exporting country. This reduces costs and overcomes
the problem that subsequent import marks may damage the protective
finish. However, there are risks involved in the event that the weapons are
stolen or diverted prior to reaching their intended market. Consequently,
other countries, such as South Africa, use import marking as a means to