The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

175 The UN Programme of Action • The States ensure that complete and precise records concerning the manufacture, holding and transfer of SALW in areas under national jurisdiction are conserved for as long as possible. These records must be organized and maintained so as to allow the competent national authorities to rapidly retrieve accurate information from them and collate it (ArticleII.9.). The Plastic Explosives Convention • Contains no provisions relative to the registration and conservation of data. International regulations on the transport of dangerous goods • All documents dealing with verification, and including notably those concerning marking, must be maintained for at least five years by the manufacturer. 37 The verifying bodies must conserve this same information as long as the type of packaging remains in use, after which they must be filed; • The authorities do not maintain copies of this information, but the verifying bodies are obliged to transmit it to them upon request; • It should be noted that the Verification Institutes of three European countries have taken steps amongst themselves and with the EU to establish a database that places their information at the disposal of the European Institutes. 38 This initiative could be the beginning of a wider data exchange system. The OAS Convention • The States parties shall assure the maintenance for a reasonable time of the information necessary to trace and identify illicit firearms, to enable them to comply with their obligations relative to exchange of information and mutual assistance (Article XI). The SADC Protocol • The States parties undertake to keep proper records of the markings applied to firearms (Article 9.1.);
176 • The States parties undertake to establish and maintain complete national inventories of firearms, ammunition and other related materials held by security forces and other State bodies (Article 8.a); • The States parties incorporate as a priority into their national laws and the regulation and centralized registration of all civilian owned firearms in their territories (Article 5.3.d); • States parties undertake to consider a coordinated review of national procedures and criteria for (...) establishing and maintaining national electronic databases of licensed firearms , firearm owners, and brokers within their territories (Article 7); • The States parties undertake to improve the capacity of the police forces, customs, border guards, army, judiciary and other relevant agencies to fulfil their roles (...) establishing and improving national databases (...) (Article 6.b etc.); • The States parties undertake to establish national databases to facilitate the exchange of information relative to importing, exporting and transfers (Article 16.b). The OSCE Document • The participating States shall ensure that accurate and detailed records of their own holdings of small arms within their territory are maintained and held as long as possible with a view of improving small arms traceability (Article II.2.C.). The participating States shall ensure furthermore that their stockpiles are subject to proper inventory and control (Article IV.B.1.); • They furthermore undertake to adopt and apply national measures of control for these records and (Article I.3.i), to develop norms, principles and measures in this area, based on the concept of cooperative security of the OSCE, and acting in concert with other international authorities (Article I.2.). Comparison: 1. Recorded data: most of the mechanisms establish general rules such as “comprehensive and accurate records”, “precise and detailed”, or “with necessary information to trace” firearms. The Protocol is more accurate in this regard, as it provides details about the data to be recorded. It would be worthwhile to set precise common standards for registration, especially for the purposes of increasing the efficiency and
Page 1 and 2:
UNIDIR/2002/20 The Scope and Implic
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS Page Preface. . . . . . .
Page 5:
v Chapter 4 Structures and Institut
Page 8 and 9:
viii point of diversion, thus inhib
Page 11 and 12:
ACRONYMS ATFUS BATF BPA CFR CFR CIC
Page 13 and 14:
xiii VIN WFSA WIES WR Vehicle Ident
Page 15 and 16:
2 and lines of supply of illicit SA
Page 17 and 18:
4 First, if a weapon has been invol
Page 19 and 20:
6 The UN Programme of Action includ
Page 21 and 22:
8 1.3 MARKING 1.3.1 Introduction A
Page 23 and 24:
10 uniquely identify each productio
Page 25 and 26:
12 • Ensure, at the time of trans
Page 27 and 28:
14 • increasing the resistance of
Page 29 and 30:
16 The UN Firearms Protocol, in its
Page 31 and 32:
18 component of this project is to
Page 33 and 34:
20 They clarify whether a weapon is
Page 35 and 36:
22 Though such systems have great p
Page 37 and 38:
24 have a more prominent role to pl
Page 39 and 40:
26 That said, national intelligence
Page 41 and 42:
28 training and technical assistanc
Page 43 and 44:
30 This highlights one of the most
Page 45 and 46:
32 An international tracing mechani
Page 47 and 48:
34 Some of the necessary elements a
Page 49 and 50:
36 on sources and lines of supply o
Page 51 and 52:
38 In promoting international assis
Page 53 and 54:
40 3 Programme of Action to Prevent
Page 55 and 56:
42 25 This section draws on discuss
Page 58 and 59:
45 BIBLIOGRAPHY Berkol, Ilhan, Mark
Page 60 and 61:
CHAPTER 2 WHAT TO MARK AND WHAT TO
Page 62 and 63:
49 tracing method for all SALW (con
Page 64 and 65:
51 Figure 2: : The different sub-ca
Page 66 and 67:
53 In order to better grasp the pro
Page 68 and 69:
55 SALW include weapons of war, def
Page 70 and 71:
57 The following questions should t
Page 72 and 73:
59 All of this data, while useful f
Page 74 and 75:
61 2.5 WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR IN
Page 76 and 77:
63 traced, but which ones? Precisel
Page 78 and 79:
65 Table 1: Firearms recovered in c
Page 80 and 81:
67 explosives belts and dozens of t
Page 82 and 83:
69 This data provides an interestin
Page 84 and 85:
71 weapons belonging to illicit cir
Page 86 and 87:
73 imagine being able to effectivel
Page 88 and 89:
75 case of Switzerland, it would be
Page 90 and 91:
77 electronics in animal identifica
Page 92 and 93:
79 based our reflection on goals fo
Page 94 and 95:
81 10 Small Arms Survey, Annuaire s
Page 96 and 97:
APPENDIX 1 83
Page 98 and 99:
APPENDIX 3 85
Page 100:
87 the army weapon is capable of au
Page 103 and 104:
90 significance, hence in general t
Page 105 and 106:
92 3.1.2 Sanitization Removal or ob
Page 107 and 108:
94 Chinese Type 56-1 Unique Identif
Page 109 and 110:
96 verify that the imported weapons
Page 111 and 112:
98 weapons. There are risks involve
Page 113 and 114:
100 China Type 56 Russia AK47 Russi
Page 115 and 116:
102 channels, with the protection o
Page 117 and 118:
104 3.1.9 Comments Countries seekin
Page 119 and 120:
106 as a result, potentially tip-of
Page 121 and 122:
108 2. All markings must be made pe
Page 123 and 124:
110 shared encryption standard. The
Page 125 and 126:
112 Domestic record-keeping varies
Page 127 and 128:
114 Nevertheless, whilst the Wassen
Page 129 and 130:
116 individual weapon, should as a
Page 131 and 132:
118 • “Consolidation”—4 x 2
Page 133 and 134:
120 With the scope of the Protocol
Page 135 and 136:
122 The South African authorities a
Page 137 and 138: 124 • (Tracing) Details of all st
Page 139 and 140: 126 tracing Chinese weapons. Conseq
Page 141 and 142: 128 circulating information by fax
Page 143 and 144: 130 Tracing requests are normally c
Page 145 and 146: 132 encourage countries along the t
Page 147 and 148: 134 close enough to provide adequat
Page 149 and 150: 136 3. If Interpol is not up to the
Page 151 and 152: 138 which restrict the amount of in
Page 153 and 154: 140 9 It was notable during negotia
Page 155 and 156: 142
Page 157 and 158: 144 There are other reasons as well
Page 159 and 160: 146 Laws Firearms are a durable com
Page 161 and 162: 148 This last point should not be u
Page 163 and 164: 150 the future a firearm tracing qu
Page 165 and 166: 152 There are several important ele
Page 167 and 168: 154 Canada, nearly all transfers re
Page 169 and 170: 156 accuracy and man-hour effective
Page 171 and 172: 158 industry practices. An effectiv
Page 173 and 174: 160
Page 175 and 176: 162 manner in national (and possibl
Page 177 and 178: 164 routine stockpile management. A
Page 179 and 180: 166 International regulations on th
Page 181 and 182: 168 2. The definitions of weapons,
Page 183 and 184: 170 enable national authorities to
Page 185 and 186: 172 serial number of the firearm. T
Page 187: 174 9. Explosives: the recommendati
Page 191 and 192: 178 • The following is establishe
Page 193 and 194: 180 International regulations on th
Page 195 and 196: 182 • The participating States ag
Page 197 and 198: 184 The Convention on Plastic Explo
Page 199 and 200: 186 5.3.1 European Joint Action The
Page 201 and 202: 188 years in July 2001. In December
Page 203 and 204: 190 • States must make efforts to
Page 205 and 206: 192 a greater degree of harmonizati
Page 207 and 208: 194 this may lead to the undesirabl
Page 209 and 210: 196 28 Or at least difficult or imp
Page 211 and 212: 198 49 Speech by Mr. Koffi Adjouman
Page 213 and 214: 200 in its capacity as President of
Page 215 and 216: 202 Table 1: Scope of the Seven Pri
Page 217 and 218: 204 Table 1 (continued) Characteris
Page 219 and 220: 206 Characteristics of the marking
Page 221 and 222: 208 Characteristics of the marking
Page 223 and 224: 210 Characteristics of the recordke
Page 225 and 226: 212 Characteristics of the record-k
Page 227 and 228: 214 Table 4: Comparison of the Stan
Page 229 and 230: 216 Characteristics of the exchange
Page 231: 218
show all

The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?