The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

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different cartridge components. Today, several such prototypes have been
developed, descriptions of which are available in several publications (see
Appendix 3). 13
Once the technique has been selected, the next step is to decide on
the information to be contained in the marking. As in the case of firearms,
an identifier that individualizes each cartridge is indispensable. This is why
ammunition also must bear an individual, unique “serial number” (in the
context of a PT); information about the manufacturer, the place and the
date of manufacture can also be included. The fact that a casing presents a
smaller surface than a firearm nevertheless is important: the amount of
information that can be contained on a casing may therefore be insufficient
depending on the marking method that has been chosen. The content of
the marking will also have a great influence on the choice of codification.
It should be recalled that applying all of these markings would result in
a perfect tracing or PT solution. However, it is inconceivable to have
cartridges—each one comprising a different number—laden down with
inscriptions intended only to be used for tracing. Moreover, considering the
number of different political bodies involved, such a feat seems quite
impossible. Therefore, marking that aims to accomplish a reasonably good
tracing process for a PGT would consist of applying one of the techniques
proposed. To this end, each of these markings must be evaluated from the
point of view of factors such as readability, durability, and even possibilities
of codification before a decision is taken. Considering the morphology of
the different cartridges that exist and the feasibility of these techniques,
marking by laser would seem to be the best alternative. Moreover, a batch
number appears to be sufficient in this case.
To conclude, we would like to point out that the process of reloading
allows users of firearms to recuperate the empty case and fill it with another
dose of powder, a new projectile and a new priming cap to obtain a “new”
cartridge ready for use. It is therefore possible that the marking present on
a cartridge (either on the frame and/or the cap of the case) may no longer
correspond to the ammunition in question if the latter has been reloaded.