The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

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29 The participating States agree to cooperate with each other on the basis of customary diplomatic procedures or relevant agreements and with intergovernmental organizations such as Interpol, in tracing illegal small arms. Such cooperation will include making available, upon request, relevant information to the investigating authorities of other participating States. They will also encourage and facilitate regional, sub-regional and national training programmes and joint training exercises for law enforcement, customs and other appropriate officials in the small arms field’ (III.E.4). Participating States also: agree to share, in conformity with their national laws, and on a confidential basis through appropriate and established channels (for example Interpol, police forces and customs agencies) information on seizures of illicitly trafficked small arms, including the quantity and type or weapons seized, their markings and details of their subsequent disposal (III.E.6 (ii)). In addition, the OSCE document includes a number of information exchange and transparency arrangements that, although not directly relevant, should contribute to a climate that encourages cooperation in tracing. The SADC Protocol also commits States parties “to establish appropriate mechanisms for cooperation among law enforcement agencies ... to promote effective implementation of this Protocol”, including systems for rapid information exchange, promotion of cooperation with international organizations such as Interpol and the World Customs Organization, and the use of existing data-bases (Article 15). It also establishes helpful information exchange systems and mutual assistance arrangements (e.g. Articles 14 and 16). These regional agreements reinforce the recently established global standards and norms described above, while providing a framework for improving capacity in weapons tracing at the regional level. Thus, in the Americas, the SALSA initiative described in section 1.4 will be linked to a parallel system called FASTRACS, which will give law enforcement agencies in the region confidential access to the network for purposes of tracking the movement of specific weapons.
30 This highlights one of the most important areas of emerging good practice—developing regional and sub-regional tracing cooperation, and enhancing access by law enforcement agencies in developing countries to the expertise and resources of neighbouring industrialized States, including at the local level. For example, firearms tracing resources in Florida, as well as those of the US NTC, could be made more readily available to support tracing activities in neighbouring Caribbean countries. 46 Significantly, several of the international agreements for enhanced tracing cooperation apply not only to illicit weapons, but also to illicit ammunition, explosives and other related materials. In fact, national authorities have a clear interest in being able to trace all of the illicit materials that they encounter. However, the relative lack of international norms for the marking and record-keeping of ammunition and explosives is bound, in practice, to obstruct the tracing of such items. 1.6 ISSUES FOR THE SCOPE AND IMPLICATIONS OF AN INTERNATIONAL TRACING MECHANISM FOR SALW 1.6.1 Introduction As previously discussed, substantial global norms have recently been agreed for tracing illicit SALW and in the related areas of marking and record-keeping. However, past experience with efforts to enhance international cooperation has shown that clear agreement on international norms, though necessary, is not sufficient to ensure appropriate follow-up and implementation. This is particularly true where implementation raises sensitive issues, rules and procedures remain unclear, and significant development of existing practices and institutions is required. Cooperation in tracing illicit SALW is no exception. As discussed, substantial improvements in marking, record-keeping and tracing systems are needed. Moreover, experience in tracing conflict weapons is still quite limited. Such traces may sometimes raise sensitive political and security issues, both domestically and internationally. The national, regional and international institutions that must be involved in such tracing cooperation will probably require clearer guidelines, rules and procedures before they embark on it routinely.
Page 1 and 2: UNIDIR/2002/20 The Scope and Implic
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page Preface. . . . . . .
Page 5: v Chapter 4 Structures and Institut
Page 8 and 9: viii point of diversion, thus inhib
Page 11 and 12: ACRONYMS ATFUS BATF BPA CFR CFR CIC
Page 13 and 14: xiii VIN WFSA WIES WR Vehicle Ident
Page 15 and 16: 2 and lines of supply of illicit SA
Page 17 and 18: 4 First, if a weapon has been invol
Page 19 and 20: 6 The UN Programme of Action includ
Page 21 and 22: 8 1.3 MARKING 1.3.1 Introduction A
Page 23 and 24: 10 uniquely identify each productio
Page 25 and 26: 12 • Ensure, at the time of trans
Page 27 and 28: 14 • increasing the resistance of
Page 29 and 30: 16 The UN Firearms Protocol, in its
Page 31 and 32: 18 component of this project is to
Page 33 and 34: 20 They clarify whether a weapon is
Page 35 and 36: 22 Though such systems have great p
Page 37 and 38: 24 have a more prominent role to pl
Page 39 and 40: 26 That said, national intelligence
Page 41: 28 training and technical assistanc
Page 45 and 46: 32 An international tracing mechani
Page 47 and 48: 34 Some of the necessary elements a
Page 49 and 50: 36 on sources and lines of supply o
Page 51 and 52: 38 In promoting international assis
Page 53 and 54: 40 3 Programme of Action to Prevent
Page 55 and 56: 42 25 This section draws on discuss
Page 58 and 59: 45 BIBLIOGRAPHY Berkol, Ilhan, Mark
Page 60 and 61: CHAPTER 2 WHAT TO MARK AND WHAT TO
Page 62 and 63: 49 tracing method for all SALW (con
Page 64 and 65: 51 Figure 2: : The different sub-ca
Page 66 and 67: 53 In order to better grasp the pro
Page 68 and 69: 55 SALW include weapons of war, def
Page 70 and 71: 57 The following questions should t
Page 72 and 73: 59 All of this data, while useful f
Page 74 and 75: 61 2.5 WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR IN
Page 76 and 77: 63 traced, but which ones? Precisel
Page 78 and 79: 65 Table 1: Firearms recovered in c
Page 80 and 81: 67 explosives belts and dozens of t
Page 82 and 83: 69 This data provides an interestin
Page 84 and 85: 71 weapons belonging to illicit cir
Page 86 and 87: 73 imagine being able to effectivel
Page 88 and 89: 75 case of Switzerland, it would be
Page 90 and 91: 77 electronics in animal identifica
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79 based our reflection on goals fo
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81 10 Small Arms Survey, Annuaire s
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APPENDIX 1 83
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APPENDIX 3 85
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87 the army weapon is capable of au
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90 significance, hence in general t
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92 3.1.2 Sanitization Removal or ob
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94 Chinese Type 56-1 Unique Identif
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96 verify that the imported weapons
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98 weapons. There are risks involve
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100 China Type 56 Russia AK47 Russi
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102 channels, with the protection o
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104 3.1.9 Comments Countries seekin
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106 as a result, potentially tip-of
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108 2. All markings must be made pe
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110 shared encryption standard. The
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112 Domestic record-keeping varies
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114 Nevertheless, whilst the Wassen
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116 individual weapon, should as a
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118 • “Consolidation”—4 x 2
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120 With the scope of the Protocol
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122 The South African authorities a
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124 • (Tracing) Details of all st
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126 tracing Chinese weapons. Conseq
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128 circulating information by fax
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130 Tracing requests are normally c
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132 encourage countries along the t
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134 close enough to provide adequat
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136 3. If Interpol is not up to the
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138 which restrict the amount of in
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140 9 It was notable during negotia
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142
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144 There are other reasons as well
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146 Laws Firearms are a durable com
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148 This last point should not be u
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150 the future a firearm tracing qu
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152 There are several important ele
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154 Canada, nearly all transfers re
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156 accuracy and man-hour effective
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158 industry practices. An effectiv
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160
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162 manner in national (and possibl
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164 routine stockpile management. A
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166 International regulations on th
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168 2. The definitions of weapons,
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170 enable national authorities to
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172 serial number of the firearm. T
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174 9. Explosives: the recommendati
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176 • The States parties undertak
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178 • The following is establishe
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180 International regulations on th
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182 • The participating States ag
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184 The Convention on Plastic Explo
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186 5.3.1 European Joint Action The
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188 years in July 2001. In December
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190 • States must make efforts to
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192 a greater degree of harmonizati
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194 this may lead to the undesirabl
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196 28 Or at least difficult or imp
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198 49 Speech by Mr. Koffi Adjouman
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200 in its capacity as President of
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202 Table 1: Scope of the Seven Pri
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204 Table 1 (continued) Characteris
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206 Characteristics of the marking
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208 Characteristics of the marking
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210 Characteristics of the recordke
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212 Characteristics of the record-k
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214 Table 4: Comparison of the Stan
Page 229 and 230:
216 Characteristics of the exchange
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218
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