The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

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189 firearms index that contains the names and addresses of all the weapons manufacturers in the world, as well as the descriptions of the models and an indication of their calibre and country of manufacture. 49 In conclusion, IWETS should be given substantially greater resources and should have a much wider scope of application (covering all SALW) in order to establish a proper tracing operation. 50 Nevertheless, it is an interesting mechanism to consider, and several of the mechanisms examined in section 5.2 called for collaboration with Interpol. 5.3.5 The Franco-Swiss Initiative This is a more informal initiative, but one which could prove to have an important effect on the constitution of a broader international marking and tracing mechanism. This initiative is backed by the EU. This process recently led to the constitution of a group of ten States that are practically all represented in the UN Group of Governmental Experts on the Marking and Tracing of Small Arms. One of the objectives of this group of States is to provide support for and input into the work of the Group of Experts. The “Franco-Swiss Initiative” consists of two documents introduced during the first and second sessions of the Preparatory Committee for the UN Conference on Small Arms and Light Weapons (March 2000 and January 2001), 51 as well as a series of seminars intended to explain these initiatives to other countries. The “Franco-Swiss Initiative” is a process rather than a fixed position, and as such its contents are subject to change. Nevertheless, we have listed the main points set forth in the aforementioned documents: • All SALW are to be marked in an appropriate manner, and existing weapons that are not marked appropriately are to be marked or else promptly destroyed. • Appropriate markings must be unique and must identify the manufacturing and importing countries; • Appropriate marking must be financially feasible, based on a known technique, safe and reliable. A process must be established to permit technological developments to be continuously evaluated; • Registration systems should be accurate, allowing the competent national bodies to collect and use precise information;
190 • States must make efforts to cooperate, and must respond quickly and accurately to requests for information from other States or from the UN, maintaining an appropriate level of confidentiality; • An international consultative body is to be created, which would be in charge of advising States on technical issues related to marking, registration and tracing, in consultation with the industrial sector, research institutes and experts; • Cooperation and international assistance are to be promoted, in order to ensure the widest possible participation of States in the process. 5.4 BUILDING A MECHANISM THAT IS BROADER IN SCOPE Although the last ten years have seen the birth and growth of most of the mechanisms and initiatives with respect to tracing, we still lack a satisfactory mechanism with a global scope. The international community recognizes this problem, and has responded by appointing a UN Group of Experts in charge of studying the possible establishment of an international instrument to enable States to identify and trace in a timely and reliable manner all illicit SALW. A comparison of the main mechanisms demonstrates that they often pursue the same objectives, but that their scope and application methods differ greatly. That being said, what is of interest now is: • whether identifying synergies between these mechanisms would bring an “added value” to each of them; • whether this interaction is possible from a legal point of view; • whether there are other interesting ways to establish an effective global system. These are really three relatively simple questions that we will try to answer in concluding this study. 5.4.1 The Interest in Looking for Synergies There is no doubt that the different mechanisms would benefit from finding synergies with one another.
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UNIDIR/2002/20 The Scope and Implic
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CONTENTS Page Preface. . . . . . .
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v Chapter 4 Structures and Institut
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viii point of diversion, thus inhib
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ACRONYMS ATFUS BATF BPA CFR CFR CIC
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xiii VIN WFSA WIES WR Vehicle Ident
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2 and lines of supply of illicit SA
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4 First, if a weapon has been invol
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6 The UN Programme of Action includ
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8 1.3 MARKING 1.3.1 Introduction A
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10 uniquely identify each productio
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12 • Ensure, at the time of trans
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14 • increasing the resistance of
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16 The UN Firearms Protocol, in its
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18 component of this project is to
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20 They clarify whether a weapon is
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22 Though such systems have great p
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24 have a more prominent role to pl
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26 That said, national intelligence
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28 training and technical assistanc
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30 This highlights one of the most
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32 An international tracing mechani
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34 Some of the necessary elements a
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36 on sources and lines of supply o
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38 In promoting international assis
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40 3 Programme of Action to Prevent
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42 25 This section draws on discuss
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45 BIBLIOGRAPHY Berkol, Ilhan, Mark
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CHAPTER 2 WHAT TO MARK AND WHAT TO
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49 tracing method for all SALW (con
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51 Figure 2: : The different sub-ca
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53 In order to better grasp the pro
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55 SALW include weapons of war, def
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57 The following questions should t
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59 All of this data, while useful f
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61 2.5 WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR IN
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63 traced, but which ones? Precisel
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65 Table 1: Firearms recovered in c
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67 explosives belts and dozens of t
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69 This data provides an interestin
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71 weapons belonging to illicit cir
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73 imagine being able to effectivel
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75 case of Switzerland, it would be
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77 electronics in animal identifica
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79 based our reflection on goals fo
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81 10 Small Arms Survey, Annuaire s
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APPENDIX 1 83
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APPENDIX 3 85
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87 the army weapon is capable of au
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90 significance, hence in general t
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92 3.1.2 Sanitization Removal or ob
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94 Chinese Type 56-1 Unique Identif
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96 verify that the imported weapons
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98 weapons. There are risks involve
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100 China Type 56 Russia AK47 Russi
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102 channels, with the protection o
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104 3.1.9 Comments Countries seekin
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106 as a result, potentially tip-of
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108 2. All markings must be made pe
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110 shared encryption standard. The
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112 Domestic record-keeping varies
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114 Nevertheless, whilst the Wassen
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116 individual weapon, should as a
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118 • “Consolidation”—4 x 2
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120 With the scope of the Protocol
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122 The South African authorities a
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124 • (Tracing) Details of all st
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126 tracing Chinese weapons. Conseq
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128 circulating information by fax
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130 Tracing requests are normally c
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132 encourage countries along the t
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134 close enough to provide adequat
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136 3. If Interpol is not up to the
Page 151 and 152: 138 which restrict the amount of in
Page 153 and 154: 140 9 It was notable during negotia
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Page 157 and 158: 144 There are other reasons as well
Page 159 and 160: 146 Laws Firearms are a durable com
Page 161 and 162: 148 This last point should not be u
Page 163 and 164: 150 the future a firearm tracing qu
Page 165 and 166: 152 There are several important ele
Page 167 and 168: 154 Canada, nearly all transfers re
Page 169 and 170: 156 accuracy and man-hour effective
Page 171 and 172: 158 industry practices. An effectiv
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Page 175 and 176: 162 manner in national (and possibl
Page 177 and 178: 164 routine stockpile management. A
Page 179 and 180: 166 International regulations on th
Page 181 and 182: 168 2. The definitions of weapons,
Page 183 and 184: 170 enable national authorities to
Page 185 and 186: 172 serial number of the firearm. T
Page 187 and 188: 174 9. Explosives: the recommendati
Page 189 and 190: 176 • The States parties undertak
Page 191 and 192: 178 • The following is establishe
Page 193 and 194: 180 International regulations on th
Page 195 and 196: 182 • The participating States ag
Page 197 and 198: 184 The Convention on Plastic Explo
Page 199 and 200: 186 5.3.1 European Joint Action The
Page 201: 188 years in July 2001. In December
Page 205 and 206: 192 a greater degree of harmonizati
Page 207 and 208: 194 this may lead to the undesirabl
Page 209 and 210: 196 28 Or at least difficult or imp
Page 211 and 212: 198 49 Speech by Mr. Koffi Adjouman
Page 213 and 214: 200 in its capacity as President of
Page 215 and 216: 202 Table 1: Scope of the Seven Pri
Page 217 and 218: 204 Table 1 (continued) Characteris
Page 219 and 220: 206 Characteristics of the marking
Page 221 and 222: 208 Characteristics of the marking
Page 223 and 224: 210 Characteristics of the recordke
Page 225 and 226: 212 Characteristics of the record-k
Page 227 and 228: 214 Table 4: Comparison of the Stan
Page 229 and 230: 216 Characteristics of the exchange
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