The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

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iv 2.4 What About Ammunition? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.5 What Are the Criteria for Including or Excluding any of the Main Types of SALW?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2.6 Which SALW Should Be the Subject of a Tracing Mechanism? Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 2.7 Do Any Categories or Types of SALW Require Special Types of Marking? If so, Which Ones and Why? . . . . . . . 67 2.8 Are There Any SALW That Cannot Be Included in Any Type of Tracing Mechanism? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 2.9 What Are the Implications of the Various Options? . . . . . 74 2.10 High-Tech Versus Low-Tech Marking: Significant Implications for Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 2.11 How Could Difficulties Be Best Overcome? . . . . . . . . . . 78 Chapter 3 Marking and Record-keeping Systems and Modalities of Operation Michael Hallowes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.1 The Different Kinds of Marking and Record-Keeping Systems Needed to Support a Tracing Mechanism . . . . . 89 3.2 Existing National, Regional and Global Systems. . . . . . . . 111 3.3 Gaps in Existing Controls Over the Legal Arms Trade . . . 116 3.4 Building on Existing Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 3.5 Lessons That Can Be Learned From Other Commercial Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 3.6 Storage and Access to the Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 3.7 Storage Mediums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 3.8 Modalities for Communicating Information and Operating a Tracing Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 3.9 Tracing Modalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 3.10 Initiating Tracing Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 3.11 Appropriate Response Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 3.12 Establishing and Operating Cooperative Mechanisms . . . 132 3.13 Confidentiality When Tracing Military Small Arms. . . . . . 133 3.14 Legal Implications of Utilising Police and Military Tracing Mechanisms in an Arms Control Context . . . . . . 135 3.15 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
v Chapter 4 Structures and Institutions Necessary to Support the Effective Operation of a Firearms Tracing Mechanism Gary L. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 4.1 Fundamental Structures and Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 4.2 Existing Supporting Structures and Organizations . . . . . . 148 4.3 The Firearms Tracing “Players” and Their “Roles” . . . . . . 151 4.4 Low-, Middle- and High-Cost Options for Establishment of Effective Firearms Tracing System and Their Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 4.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Chapter 5 Small Arms and Light Weapons Traceability: A Comparison of the Principal Existing International Mechanisms Michel Wéry and Ilhan Berkol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 5.2 Comparison of the Principal Existing Mechanisms . . . . . . 163 5.3 Other Important Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 5.4 Building a Mechanism that is Broader in Scope. . . . . . . . 190 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 UNIDIR Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Page 1 and 2: UNIDIR/2002/20 The Scope and Implic
Page 3: CONTENTS Page Preface. . . . . . .
Page 8 and 9: viii point of diversion, thus inhib
Page 11 and 12: ACRONYMS ATFUS BATF BPA CFR CFR CIC
Page 13 and 14: xiii VIN WFSA WIES WR Vehicle Ident
Page 15 and 16: 2 and lines of supply of illicit SA
Page 17 and 18: 4 First, if a weapon has been invol
Page 19 and 20: 6 The UN Programme of Action includ
Page 21 and 22: 8 1.3 MARKING 1.3.1 Introduction A
Page 23 and 24: 10 uniquely identify each productio
Page 25 and 26: 12 • Ensure, at the time of trans
Page 27 and 28: 14 • increasing the resistance of
Page 29 and 30: 16 The UN Firearms Protocol, in its
Page 31 and 32: 18 component of this project is to
Page 33 and 34: 20 They clarify whether a weapon is
Page 35 and 36: 22 Though such systems have great p
Page 37 and 38: 24 have a more prominent role to pl
Page 39 and 40: 26 That said, national intelligence
Page 41 and 42: 28 training and technical assistanc
Page 43 and 44: 30 This highlights one of the most
Page 45 and 46: 32 An international tracing mechani
Page 47 and 48: 34 Some of the necessary elements a
Page 49 and 50: 36 on sources and lines of supply o
Page 51 and 52: 38 In promoting international assis
Page 53 and 54: 40 3 Programme of Action to Prevent
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42 25 This section draws on discuss
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45 BIBLIOGRAPHY Berkol, Ilhan, Mark
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CHAPTER 2 WHAT TO MARK AND WHAT TO
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49 tracing method for all SALW (con
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51 Figure 2: : The different sub-ca
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53 In order to better grasp the pro
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55 SALW include weapons of war, def
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57 The following questions should t
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59 All of this data, while useful f
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61 2.5 WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR IN
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63 traced, but which ones? Precisel
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65 Table 1: Firearms recovered in c
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67 explosives belts and dozens of t
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69 This data provides an interestin
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71 weapons belonging to illicit cir
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73 imagine being able to effectivel
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75 case of Switzerland, it would be
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77 electronics in animal identifica
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79 based our reflection on goals fo
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81 10 Small Arms Survey, Annuaire s
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APPENDIX 1 83
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APPENDIX 3 85
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87 the army weapon is capable of au
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90 significance, hence in general t
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92 3.1.2 Sanitization Removal or ob
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94 Chinese Type 56-1 Unique Identif
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96 verify that the imported weapons
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98 weapons. There are risks involve
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100 China Type 56 Russia AK47 Russi
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102 channels, with the protection o
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104 3.1.9 Comments Countries seekin
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106 as a result, potentially tip-of
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108 2. All markings must be made pe
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110 shared encryption standard. The
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112 Domestic record-keeping varies
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114 Nevertheless, whilst the Wassen
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116 individual weapon, should as a
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118 • “Consolidation”—4 x 2
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120 With the scope of the Protocol
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122 The South African authorities a
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124 • (Tracing) Details of all st
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126 tracing Chinese weapons. Conseq
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128 circulating information by fax
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130 Tracing requests are normally c
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132 encourage countries along the t
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134 close enough to provide adequat
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136 3. If Interpol is not up to the
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138 which restrict the amount of in
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140 9 It was notable during negotia
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142
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144 There are other reasons as well
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146 Laws Firearms are a durable com
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148 This last point should not be u
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150 the future a firearm tracing qu
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152 There are several important ele
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154 Canada, nearly all transfers re
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156 accuracy and man-hour effective
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158 industry practices. An effectiv
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160
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162 manner in national (and possibl
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164 routine stockpile management. A
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166 International regulations on th
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168 2. The definitions of weapons,
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170 enable national authorities to
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172 serial number of the firearm. T
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174 9. Explosives: the recommendati
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176 • The States parties undertak
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178 • The following is establishe
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180 International regulations on th
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182 • The participating States ag
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184 The Convention on Plastic Explo
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186 5.3.1 European Joint Action The
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188 years in July 2001. In December
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190 • States must make efforts to
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192 a greater degree of harmonizati
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194 this may lead to the undesirabl
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196 28 Or at least difficult or imp
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198 49 Speech by Mr. Koffi Adjouman
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200 in its capacity as President of
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202 Table 1: Scope of the Seven Pri
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204 Table 1 (continued) Characteris
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206 Characteristics of the marking
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208 Characteristics of the marking
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210 Characteristics of the recordke
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212 Characteristics of the record-k
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214 Table 4: Comparison of the Stan
Page 229 and 230:
216 Characteristics of the exchange
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218
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