The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

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197 are considered dangerous, and in the second, it must be compared with definitions of firearms that do not exclude antique weapons on the basis of duration. 37 Let us point out that it is also possible to trace the different components of the packaging (for example, the rolls used to manufacture a carton)—which must correspond to strict quality standards. Should the quality be sub-standard, those responsible can then be identified. 38 According to information provided by Mr. Maxence Wittebolle, Technical Director of the Belgian Packaging Institute. The three institutes in question are those of Belgium, Austria and the Netherlands. 39 The description of the Protocol’s contents in this area is given in section5.2 and not repeated in section 5.3. 40 This is indispensable given that arms traffickers usually try to cover their tracks by moving through many countries, and seek to carry out their activities precisely where laws are non-existent or ineffective. 41 Without prejudice to paragraph 13 of article 18 of the Convention, which foresees that if a State party has a region or territory in which a different legal system applies, it may designate a distinct central authority that will have the same function for the region or territory in question. 42 Without prejudice to article 27 of the Convention, which foresees measures that aim to improve cooperation between law enforcement agencies, or to article 28 in which the States parties consider developing their capacity to analyse organized criminal activities and to evaluate the implementation of their policies aimed at combatting organized crime. 43 Interpol is the abbreviation for the International Criminal Police Organization. 44 This somewhat strange formulation is taken directly from the original. 45 Document referenced 1999/34/CSEP in the Official Journal of the EU (L). On 12 July 2002, the Council abrogated the latter with a new Document with the same terms but including ammunition (Ref. 2002/ 589/CSEP in the Official Journal, 19.7.2002). 46 United Nations Document A/CONF.192/PC/21, 28 December 2000. 47 IWETS is the acronym for “Interpol Weapons and Explosives Tracking System”. 48 In certain countries such as Great Britain, one person covers arms trafficking at the national level.
198 49 Speech by Mr. Koffi Adjoumani Kouman, Sub-regional Interpol Bureau for West and Central Africa, African Conference relative to the implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action, Pretoria, 18 March 2002. 50 Reminder: the tracing operation can function only if conditions concerning marking and national registration have been adequately met in each of the States. 51 “Discussion paper—Contribution to the implementation of an international plan of action for the 2001 Conference: marking, identification and control of small arms and light weapons”, Note verbale introduced by France and Switzerland, dated 17 March 2000 (Document A/CONF.192/PC/7), and “Working Paper on Establishing a Tracing Mechanism (…)”, introduced by France and Switzerland on 10 January 2001 (Document A/CONF.192/PC/25). 52 These differences occur in the definitions of the weapons, but also in the fact that certain sub-categories are sometimes not included (e.g. the OSCE Document does not appear to address civilian weapons), or they occur in the types of transfer covered (e.g. the Vienna Protocol does not cover all State-to-State transfers). 53 See the comparison tables at the end of this chapter. 54 Source: our interview with a Mexican official. 55 Let us recall that to date, the OAS Convention is the only legallybinding mechanism that has entered into force. 56 This is more plausible. Most of the mechanisms discussed concern not only traceability, but also other aspects related to small arms. 57 The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime is supplemented by three protocols: (i) against the illicit trafficking in firearms, (ii) against trafficking in persons, and (iii) against the smuggling of migrants (see http://www.odccp.org/ crime_cicp_signatures.html). 58 Geraldine O’Callaghan and Suzannah L. Dyer, “One Size Fits All?”, Basic Report 99/2, p. 27.
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UNIDIR/2002/20 The Scope and Implic
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CONTENTS Page Preface. . . . . . .
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v Chapter 4 Structures and Institut
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viii point of diversion, thus inhib
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ACRONYMS ATFUS BATF BPA CFR CFR CIC
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xiii VIN WFSA WIES WR Vehicle Ident
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2 and lines of supply of illicit SA
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4 First, if a weapon has been invol
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6 The UN Programme of Action includ
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8 1.3 MARKING 1.3.1 Introduction A
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10 uniquely identify each productio
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12 • Ensure, at the time of trans
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14 • increasing the resistance of
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16 The UN Firearms Protocol, in its
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18 component of this project is to
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20 They clarify whether a weapon is
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22 Though such systems have great p
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24 have a more prominent role to pl
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26 That said, national intelligence
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28 training and technical assistanc
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30 This highlights one of the most
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32 An international tracing mechani
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34 Some of the necessary elements a
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36 on sources and lines of supply o
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38 In promoting international assis
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40 3 Programme of Action to Prevent
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42 25 This section draws on discuss
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45 BIBLIOGRAPHY Berkol, Ilhan, Mark
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CHAPTER 2 WHAT TO MARK AND WHAT TO
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49 tracing method for all SALW (con
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51 Figure 2: : The different sub-ca
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53 In order to better grasp the pro
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55 SALW include weapons of war, def
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57 The following questions should t
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59 All of this data, while useful f
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61 2.5 WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR IN
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63 traced, but which ones? Precisel
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65 Table 1: Firearms recovered in c
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67 explosives belts and dozens of t
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69 This data provides an interestin
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71 weapons belonging to illicit cir
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73 imagine being able to effectivel
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75 case of Switzerland, it would be
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77 electronics in animal identifica
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79 based our reflection on goals fo
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81 10 Small Arms Survey, Annuaire s
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APPENDIX 1 83
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APPENDIX 3 85
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87 the army weapon is capable of au
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90 significance, hence in general t
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92 3.1.2 Sanitization Removal or ob
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94 Chinese Type 56-1 Unique Identif
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96 verify that the imported weapons
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98 weapons. There are risks involve
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100 China Type 56 Russia AK47 Russi
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102 channels, with the protection o
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104 3.1.9 Comments Countries seekin
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106 as a result, potentially tip-of
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108 2. All markings must be made pe
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110 shared encryption standard. The
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112 Domestic record-keeping varies
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114 Nevertheless, whilst the Wassen
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116 individual weapon, should as a
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118 • “Consolidation”—4 x 2
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120 With the scope of the Protocol
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122 The South African authorities a
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124 • (Tracing) Details of all st
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126 tracing Chinese weapons. Conseq
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128 circulating information by fax
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130 Tracing requests are normally c
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132 encourage countries along the t
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134 close enough to provide adequat
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136 3. If Interpol is not up to the
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138 which restrict the amount of in
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140 9 It was notable during negotia
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142
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144 There are other reasons as well
Page 159 and 160: 146 Laws Firearms are a durable com
Page 161 and 162: 148 This last point should not be u
Page 163 and 164: 150 the future a firearm tracing qu
Page 165 and 166: 152 There are several important ele
Page 167 and 168: 154 Canada, nearly all transfers re
Page 169 and 170: 156 accuracy and man-hour effective
Page 171 and 172: 158 industry practices. An effectiv
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Page 175 and 176: 162 manner in national (and possibl
Page 177 and 178: 164 routine stockpile management. A
Page 179 and 180: 166 International regulations on th
Page 181 and 182: 168 2. The definitions of weapons,
Page 183 and 184: 170 enable national authorities to
Page 185 and 186: 172 serial number of the firearm. T
Page 187 and 188: 174 9. Explosives: the recommendati
Page 189 and 190: 176 • The States parties undertak
Page 191 and 192: 178 • The following is establishe
Page 193 and 194: 180 International regulations on th
Page 195 and 196: 182 • The participating States ag
Page 197 and 198: 184 The Convention on Plastic Explo
Page 199 and 200: 186 5.3.1 European Joint Action The
Page 201 and 202: 188 years in July 2001. In December
Page 203 and 204: 190 • States must make efforts to
Page 205 and 206: 192 a greater degree of harmonizati
Page 207 and 208: 194 this may lead to the undesirabl
Page 209: 196 28 Or at least difficult or imp
Page 213 and 214: 200 in its capacity as President of
Page 215 and 216: 202 Table 1: Scope of the Seven Pri
Page 217 and 218: 204 Table 1 (continued) Characteris
Page 219 and 220: 206 Characteristics of the marking
Page 221 and 222: 208 Characteristics of the marking
Page 223 and 224: 210 Characteristics of the recordke
Page 225 and 226: 212 Characteristics of the record-k
Page 227 and 228: 214 Table 4: Comparison of the Stan
Page 229 and 230: 216 Characteristics of the exchange
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