The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

39 International efforts to develop and strengthen the tracing of illicit small arms can build capacity to conduct criminal investigations and successfully prosecute cases. They can also help States and international organizations to identify and monitor sources and supply routes for illicit small arms, and to take action to prevent or disrupt such supply—including supply to conflict zones and States under arms embargo. This latter aspect is especially important for a tracing mechanism situated within the framework of the UN Programme of Action. There are many issues that need to be addressed in designing and developing an effective international mechanism for tracing illicit SALW. The improvement of systems for marking, record-keeping and tracing is a continuous task. Nevertheless, there are important opportunities for moving rapidly towards the establishment of an international tracing mechanism. It is hoped that this study will serve as a useful resource to the international community as it seeks to take advantage of these opportunities in the coming months and years. Notes 1 The members of the SAS/UNIDIR Study Group were: Peter Batchelor; Ilhan Berkol; Christophe Carle; Owen Greene; Michael Hallowes; Keith Krause; Patricia Lewis; Glenn McDonald; Frédéric Schütz; Gary Thomas; and Michel Wéry. All members of the Group participated in their personal capacities; their views did not necessarily coincide with those of their organizations. In addition, Nadia Fischer, Olivier Guerot, René Haug, Ambassador Rakesh Sood and Stefano Toscano contributed valuably to the discussions at a meeting of the Study Group in April 2002. 2 The technical papers prepared for the SAS/UNIDIR Study Group were: Michael Hallowes, Marking and Record-Keeping Systems and Modalities of Operation; Gary L. Thomas, Structures and Institutions Necessary to Support the Effective Operation of a Firearms Tracing Mechanism; Frédéric Schütz, What to mark and what to trace? The Implications of Selecting Categories and Types of SALW for Inclusion in a Tracing Mechanism; Michel Wéry and Ilhan Berkol, Traceability of Light Arms: a comparison of the main existing international mechanisms.
40 3 Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All its Aspects, Report of the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, United Nations Document A/CONF.192/15, July 2001, as endorsed by the UN General Assembly at its 56 th Session. 4 Report of the Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms, United Nations Document A/52/298, United Nations, New York, 7 August 1997. See also the Report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Small Arms, United Nations Document A/54/258, United Nations, New York, 3 August 1999. 5 These issues are explored in detail in F. Schütz, op. cit. note 2. 6 United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects: Section II, paragraphs 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 21, 36, 37; Section III, paragraphs 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14; and Section IV, paragraph 1c. 7 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons, FSC.DOC/1/00, Vienna, adopted 24 November 2000; Southern Africa Development Cooperation, Protocol on the Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other related Materials, adopted at Blantyre, 14 August 2001. 8 France and Switzerland, Food for Thought Paper, United Nations Document A/CONF.192/PC/7, 28 February 2000; France and Switzerland, Establishing a Tracing Mechanism to Prevent and Reduce Excessive and Destabilising Accumulation and Transfer of Small Arms and Light Weapons, Working Paper, United Nations Document A/ CONF.192/PC/25, 10 January 2001; France and Switzerland, Chairs’ Summary, Franco-Swiss Workshop on Traceability of Small Arms and Light Weapons: Tracing, Marking and Record-Keeping, Geneva, 12-13 March 2001, reproduced in United Nations Document A/CONF.192/ PC/38, Annex of 23 March 2001. 9 Organization of American States, Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and other Related Materials, adopted at Washington DC, 14 November 1997. 10 Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission’s (CICAD’s), Model Regulations for the Control of the International Movement of Firearms, their Parts and Components, and Ammunition, 2 June 1998. 11 Protocol Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the
Page 1 and 2: UNIDIR/2002/20 The Scope and Implic
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page Preface. . . . . . .
Page 5: v Chapter 4 Structures and Institut
Page 8 and 9: viii point of diversion, thus inhib
Page 11 and 12: ACRONYMS ATFUS BATF BPA CFR CFR CIC
Page 13 and 14: xiii VIN WFSA WIES WR Vehicle Ident
Page 15 and 16: 2 and lines of supply of illicit SA
Page 17 and 18: 4 First, if a weapon has been invol
Page 19 and 20: 6 The UN Programme of Action includ
Page 21 and 22: 8 1.3 MARKING 1.3.1 Introduction A
Page 23 and 24: 10 uniquely identify each productio
Page 25 and 26: 12 • Ensure, at the time of trans
Page 27 and 28: 14 • increasing the resistance of
Page 29 and 30: 16 The UN Firearms Protocol, in its
Page 31 and 32: 18 component of this project is to
Page 33 and 34: 20 They clarify whether a weapon is
Page 35 and 36: 22 Though such systems have great p
Page 37 and 38: 24 have a more prominent role to pl
Page 39 and 40: 26 That said, national intelligence
Page 41 and 42: 28 training and technical assistanc
Page 43 and 44: 30 This highlights one of the most
Page 45 and 46: 32 An international tracing mechani
Page 47 and 48: 34 Some of the necessary elements a
Page 49 and 50: 36 on sources and lines of supply o
Page 51: 38 In promoting international assis
Page 55 and 56: 42 25 This section draws on discuss
Page 58 and 59: 45 BIBLIOGRAPHY Berkol, Ilhan, Mark
Page 60 and 61: CHAPTER 2 WHAT TO MARK AND WHAT TO
Page 62 and 63: 49 tracing method for all SALW (con
Page 64 and 65: 51 Figure 2: : The different sub-ca
Page 66 and 67: 53 In order to better grasp the pro
Page 68 and 69: 55 SALW include weapons of war, def
Page 70 and 71: 57 The following questions should t
Page 72 and 73: 59 All of this data, while useful f
Page 74 and 75: 61 2.5 WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR IN
Page 76 and 77: 63 traced, but which ones? Precisel
Page 78 and 79: 65 Table 1: Firearms recovered in c
Page 80 and 81: 67 explosives belts and dozens of t
Page 82 and 83: 69 This data provides an interestin
Page 84 and 85: 71 weapons belonging to illicit cir
Page 86 and 87: 73 imagine being able to effectivel
Page 88 and 89: 75 case of Switzerland, it would be
Page 90 and 91: 77 electronics in animal identifica
Page 92 and 93: 79 based our reflection on goals fo
Page 94 and 95: 81 10 Small Arms Survey, Annuaire s
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX 1 83
Page 98 and 99: APPENDIX 3 85
Page 100: 87 the army weapon is capable of au
Page 103 and 104:
90 significance, hence in general t
Page 105 and 106:
92 3.1.2 Sanitization Removal or ob
Page 107 and 108:
94 Chinese Type 56-1 Unique Identif
Page 109 and 110:
96 verify that the imported weapons
Page 111 and 112:
98 weapons. There are risks involve
Page 113 and 114:
100 China Type 56 Russia AK47 Russi
Page 115 and 116:
102 channels, with the protection o
Page 117 and 118:
104 3.1.9 Comments Countries seekin
Page 119 and 120:
106 as a result, potentially tip-of
Page 121 and 122:
108 2. All markings must be made pe
Page 123 and 124:
110 shared encryption standard. The
Page 125 and 126:
112 Domestic record-keeping varies
Page 127 and 128:
114 Nevertheless, whilst the Wassen
Page 129 and 130:
116 individual weapon, should as a
Page 131 and 132:
118 • “Consolidation”—4 x 2
Page 133 and 134:
120 With the scope of the Protocol
Page 135 and 136:
122 The South African authorities a
Page 137 and 138:
124 • (Tracing) Details of all st
Page 139 and 140:
126 tracing Chinese weapons. Conseq
Page 141 and 142:
128 circulating information by fax
Page 143 and 144:
130 Tracing requests are normally c
Page 145 and 146:
132 encourage countries along the t
Page 147 and 148:
134 close enough to provide adequat
Page 149 and 150:
136 3. If Interpol is not up to the
Page 151 and 152:
138 which restrict the amount of in
Page 153 and 154:
140 9 It was notable during negotia
Page 155 and 156:
142
Page 157 and 158:
144 There are other reasons as well
Page 159 and 160:
146 Laws Firearms are a durable com
Page 161 and 162:
148 This last point should not be u
Page 163 and 164:
150 the future a firearm tracing qu
Page 165 and 166:
152 There are several important ele
Page 167 and 168:
154 Canada, nearly all transfers re
Page 169 and 170:
156 accuracy and man-hour effective
Page 171 and 172:
158 industry practices. An effectiv
Page 173 and 174:
160
Page 175 and 176:
162 manner in national (and possibl
Page 177 and 178:
164 routine stockpile management. A
Page 179 and 180:
166 International regulations on th
Page 181 and 182:
168 2. The definitions of weapons,
Page 183 and 184:
170 enable national authorities to
Page 185 and 186:
172 serial number of the firearm. T
Page 187 and 188:
174 9. Explosives: the recommendati
Page 189 and 190:
176 • The States parties undertak
Page 191 and 192:
178 • The following is establishe
Page 193 and 194:
180 International regulations on th
Page 195 and 196:
182 • The participating States ag
Page 197 and 198:
184 The Convention on Plastic Explo
Page 199 and 200:
186 5.3.1 European Joint Action The
Page 201 and 202:
188 years in July 2001. In December
Page 203 and 204:
190 • States must make efforts to
Page 205 and 206:
192 a greater degree of harmonizati
Page 207 and 208:
194 this may lead to the undesirabl
Page 209 and 210:
196 28 Or at least difficult or imp
Page 211 and 212:
198 49 Speech by Mr. Koffi Adjouman
Page 213 and 214:
200 in its capacity as President of
Page 215 and 216:
202 Table 1: Scope of the Seven Pri
Page 217 and 218:
204 Table 1 (continued) Characteris
Page 219 and 220:
206 Characteristics of the marking
Page 221 and 222:
208 Characteristics of the marking
Page 223 and 224:
210 Characteristics of the recordke
Page 225 and 226:
212 Characteristics of the record-k
Page 227 and 228:
214 Table 4: Comparison of the Stan
Page 229 and 230:
216 Characteristics of the exchange
Page 231:
218
show all

The Scope and Implications of a Tracing Mechanism for Small Arms ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?