Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine.pdf

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Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine 115 that lead to completion or termination of follow-up of a subject in a health study (e.g. death or a myocardial infarction). Overhead cost The cost assigned to resources which are used in the production of goods or services but which cannot readily be attributed to the production of one particular good or service (e.g. heating and lighting, and administrative support).
P PACT data PACT or Prescription Analysis and Cost data is an approach introduced in 1988 by the UK Department of Health to disseminate information to individual general practitioners about their own prescribing patterns in relation to that of others. The data can be used by doctors to audit their own prescribing. By doing so, the Department hoped that general practitioners would be made aware of the costs of drugs and thereby be encouraged to prescribe more thoughtfully (DoH (1987) Promoting better health. HMSO, London). Quarterly feedback is provided to general practitioners by the national Prescription Pricing Authority (PPA) which collates all the data. Several levels of detail can be provided ranging from top-line information to detailed brand-specific analyses. Unfortunately, because diagnoses are not attached to prescriptions, the PPA data cannot in general be used to audit appropriateness of prescribing. Inferences can only be drawn about issues such as proportion of generic to branded products prescribed and ratios of corticosteroids to beta-agonists prescribed in asthma (see under ASTRO- PU and STAR-PU). PACTLINE PACTLINE is an electronic link between health authorities in Great Britain and the Prescription Pricing Authority which allows the former to download computerized data about general practice prescribing in their areas (Majeed A, Evans N, Head P (1997) What can PACT tell us about prescribing in general practice BMJ. 315: 1515-19). Palliative care Palliative care is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment. Palliative care aims to provide the best possible quality of life for patients and their families through management of their psychological, social and spiritual well-being. According to the WHO, palliative care,
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Preface This book was conceived at
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A Ability to pay Ability to pay is
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Figure I Audit: Clinical audit cycl
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B Balanced design In an experiment,
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Figure 9 Concept of externality Dic
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Page 72 and 73: G Game theory Game theory, first de
Page 86 and 87: I ICD (see International Classifica
Page 94 and 95: K Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
Page 100 and 101: M Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is
Page 112 and 113: N N of I trial An N of 1 trial is a
Page 116 and 117: o OBM (see Opinion-based medicine)
Page 140 and 141: Figure 25 Measuring quality of life
Page 150 and 151: S Scarcity Scarcity is often referr
Page 158 and 159: T TDM (see Therapeutic drug monitor
Page 162 and 163: u Unique value effect This term is
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Z Z variate A random variable which
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