Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine.pdf

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Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine 161 Figure 29 Lottery Figure 30 Lottery IV Utilization management Utilization management is a system for managing use of medical services, usually within a managed care organization, by a variety of techniques such as pre-certification and use of expert second opinion prior to sanctioning a request.
V Variance Variance is a measure of the spread of a distribution. If in a population of N individuals the measurements are x { with i = 1 to N and the mean is ^i then the variance o 2 is given by: In practice, population variances are estimated using samples of, say, size . To reflect the reduced precision, the variance is then estimated by s 2 : Variance inflation factor (VIF) A measure of how much the variance associated with a coefficient of a statistical model is inflated by the lack of orthogonality (predictor variables correlated) in the design. The standard error of a model coefficient is increased by a factor equal to the square root of the VIF, when compared to the corresponding standard error in an orthogonal model. VIF values greater than 10 indicate that the coefficients are poorly estimated due to multicolinearity (presence of correlated predictor variables in the model). A coefficient with a VIF of 25 has a standard error which is five times higher than it would be if the design were orthogonal. VIF (see Variance inflation factor)
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Dictionary of Evidence-based Medici
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Preface This book was conceived at
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A Ability to pay Ability to pay is
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Figure I Audit: Clinical audit cycl
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B Balanced design In an experiment,
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Figure 9 Concept of externality Dic
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G Game theory Game theory, first de
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I ICD (see International Classifica
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K Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
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M Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is
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N N of I trial An N of 1 trial is a
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Page 116 and 117: o OBM (see Opinion-based medicine)
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Page 140 and 141: Figure 25 Measuring quality of life
Page 150 and 151: S Scarcity Scarcity is often referr
Page 158 and 159: T TDM (see Therapeutic drug monitor
Page 162 and 163: u Unique value effect This term is
Page 170: Z Z variate A random variable which
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