Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine.pdf

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Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine 43 demographic characteristics (see also Specific rate). Crude death rates are therefore misleading when comparing mortality in different countries and age-specific death rates are better in such analyses. CSO (see Central Statistical Office) Culyer Report The Culyer Report is a report to the UK Minister for Health by the Research and Development (R&D) Task Force under the chairmanship of Professor Anthony Culyer. The terms of reference for the Task Force were to consider whether changes in the conduct and support of R&D in and by the NHS should be recommended and to advise on alternative funding and support mechanisms for R&D, including transitional measures, within available resources. A summary of the report can be downloaded from http://www.eoi.bris.ac.uk/rd/aboutus/culyer/cul.htm. Cumulative meta-analysis (see under Meta-analysis) Current procedural terminology Current procedural terminology (CPT) refers to the classification of medical procedures developed under the aegis of the American Medical Association. First published in 1966, it is now in its fourth edition (CPT-4). The latter was used as a basis for developing the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) used by the US Health Care Financing Administration which administers Medicare and Medicaid, their two large public health insurance systems (American Medical Association (1994) Physicians' current procedural terminology: CPT-95. AMA, Chicago).
D DEADLE DEADLE stands for Declining Exponential Approximation of Discounted Life Expectancy. The model approximates life expectancy using an exponential model (see DEALE) and then discounts the estimated life expectancy (LE) to the present using the formula: LE = -^ where ja is the mortality rate constant and i the effective discount rate. A value of 5% is common but values of 3-6% have been used (Martens L, van Doorslaer E (1990) Dealing with discounting. An application to the cost effectiveness of intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase. International Journal of Technical Assessment in Health Care. 6: 139^5). DEALE DEALE stands for Declining Exponential Approximation of Life Expectancy, a method developed for approximating life expectancy. The method describes survival probability P(t) as an exponential decay curve: P(t) = e* where [i = mortality rate constant and t the time. If t is in units of year (y) then jo, is in units of y" 1 . The life expectancy is then estimated by integrating the area under the survival probability time curve. This can be shown to be equal to the reciprocal of the mortality rate constant or for 1 . The expected number of remaining life-years can therefore be compared for groups with different mortality rates by estimating the mortality rate constants from the corresponding survival probability time curves (Beck JR, Kassirer JP, Paulker SG (1982) A convenient approximation of life expectancy: the 'DEALE'. American Journal of Medicine. 73: 863-97).
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Page 4 and 5: Preface This book was conceived at
Page 6 and 7: A Ability to pay Ability to pay is
Page 12 and 13: Figure I Audit: Clinical audit cycl
Page 14 and 15: B Balanced design In an experiment,
Page 66 and 67: Figure 9 Concept of externality Dic
Page 72 and 73: G Game theory Game theory, first de
Page 86 and 87: I ICD (see International Classifica
Page 94 and 95: K Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
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Dictionary of Evidence-based Medici
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M Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is
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N N of I trial An N of 1 trial is a
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o OBM (see Opinion-based medicine)
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Figure 25 Measuring quality of life
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S Scarcity Scarcity is often referr
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T TDM (see Therapeutic drug monitor
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u Unique value effect This term is
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Z Z variate A random variable which
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