Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine.pdf

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Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine 93 example in expressing the logistic model in a linear form. Note that the logit model is a special case of the log linear model where the y variable is the odds and the link function is the log of an odds (see under Odds ratio, Generalized linear model, Logistic regression). (Bishop YM, Fienberg SE, Holland PW (1975) Discrete multivariate analysis: theory and practice. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA). Log linear model The log linear model is a special class of generalized linear models where the link function takes the form: The a and P values are the coefficients to be estimated in such models. Note that y can take only positive values in such models (Agresti A (1996) An introduction to categorical data analysis. John Wiley, New York). Longitudinal study (see a/so under Cohort study) A study in which subjects are recruited and followed up forward in time, usually over many months or years. For example, in such a study, diabetic patients may be followed over a period of years to investigate how good blood glucose control affects the likelihood of complications, such as cataracts or peripheral neuropathy, developing. Lorenz curve The Lorenz curve is a useful graphical method, invented by a 19th century German statistician for depicting the distribution of income in a population. If one were to plot the cumulative proportion of total income versus the cumulative proportion of income recipients in a population, we would observe a straight line with unit slope, given perfect equality in income among individuals (Figure 14). The line will curve downwards if the income distribution is unequal and the more unequal the distribution, the further the curve will be from the diagonal (Brown WS (1995) Principles of economics. West Publishing Company, Minneapolis). The Lorenz curve can be used to calculate a coefficient of inequality, referred to as the Gini coefficient. This is the ratio of the area between the line of equality and the Lorenz curve (area A) and the area below the line of equality (areas A + B). The Gini coefficient has a useful quantitative economic interpretation. A value of 0.25 can be interpreted as meaning that if two incomes are drawn
94 Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine Figure 14 The Lorenz curve at random from the population concerned, then the expectation is that on average the difference between them would be twice the value of the Gini coefficient multiplied by 100 (i.e. 50%) of mean income.
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Preface This book was conceived at
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A Ability to pay Ability to pay is
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Figure I Audit: Clinical audit cycl
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B Balanced design In an experiment,
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Page 66 and 67: Figure 9 Concept of externality Dic
Page 72 and 73: G Game theory Game theory, first de
Page 86 and 87: I ICD (see International Classifica
Page 94 and 95: K Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
Page 100 and 101: M Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is
Page 112 and 113: N N of I trial An N of 1 trial is a
Page 116 and 117: o OBM (see Opinion-based medicine)
Page 140 and 141: Figure 25 Measuring quality of life
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S Scarcity Scarcity is often referr
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T TDM (see Therapeutic drug monitor
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u Unique value effect This term is
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Z Z variate A random variable which
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