Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine.pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

S Scarcity Scarcity is often referred to as the fundamental economic problem because human wants are unlimited. It can be argued that without scarcity there is no need to trade off alternatives and hence no need for economics as a discipline. Secondary care Secondary (health) care refers to specialist care, typically provided in a hospital setting or following referral from a primary or community health professional. Secondary outcome measures (see under Primary outcome measures) Selection bias (see under Bias) Sensitivity The sensitivity of a diagnostic test is the true positive ratio, that is, the proportion of patients with disease (D) who return a positive test (+T). Sensitivity = true positive = P(+T|D) Sensitivity analysis Sensitivity analysis is the term used for describing recomputation of results using different parameter values or perspectives to investigate whether any conclusions drawn are altered as a result. Such analysis is particularly popular in the economic assessments of medical interventions, including pharmacotherapy. For example, in a cost-effectiveness analysis,
146 Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine the investigator may vary the estimates or probability of treatment failure to check whether cost-effectiveness rankings are sensitive to such changes. A sensitivity analysis undertaken to define the boundaries where the conclusions drawn change qualitatively is called a threshold analysis. For example, a treatment may be more cost-effective than another provided the relapse rate remains below 10% but the ranking is changed at higher relapse rates. SF-36 form The SF-36 form is an instrument developed to measure health status and is for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations and general population health surveys. Also referred to as the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-item short-form, it assesses, through multi-items subscales, eight health concepts: (i) limitation in physical activity through ill-health; (ii) limitations in social activities because of emotional problems; (iii) limitations in usual role activities through physical health problems; (iv) bodily pains; (v) general mental health, including psychological stress and well-being; (vi) limitations in usual role activities resulting from emotional problems; (vii) vitality (energy and fatigue); and (viii) general health perceptions (Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD (1992) The MOS 36-item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36) I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care. 30: 473-83). Shared care The co-ordinated care of patients across the primary (community or general practice) and secondary (hospitals) health care interface. Shared care protocol Consensus protocols for the clinical management of patients across the primary (community or general practice) and secondary health care interface. These generally deal with issues such as the prescribing of expensive or problematic drugs (e.g. use of cytotoxics and luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone analogues). Short-form 36 (see SF-36 form) Side-effect A side-effect of a drug is any positive or negative effect which is not the intended therapeutic effect. Pharmacovigilance experts recommend abandoning this term but given its wide acceptance, this is unlikely to happen.
Page 2 and 3:
Dictionary of Evidence-based Medici
Page 4 and 5:
Preface This book was conceived at
Page 6 and 7:
A Ability to pay Ability to pay is
Page 8 and 9:
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
Figure I Audit: Clinical audit cycl
Page 14 and 15:
B Balanced design In an experiment,
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 9 Concept of externality Dic
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
G Game theory Game theory, first de
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
I ICD (see International Classifica
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
K Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101: M Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is
Page 102 and 103: Dictionary of Evidence-based Medici
Page 112 and 113: N N of I trial An N of 1 trial is a
Page 116 and 117: o OBM (see Opinion-based medicine)
Page 140 and 141: Figure 25 Measuring quality of life
Page 158 and 159: T TDM (see Therapeutic drug monitor
Page 162 and 163: u Unique value effect This term is
Page 170: Z Z variate A random variable which
show all

Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine.pdf

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?